Heilige graal: laat uw HELE genoom sequencen.
 

Whole Genome Sequencing Costs Continue to Drop
by Dr. Hsien-Hsien Lei

One of the cheapest going prices for whole human genome sequencing has been set by Illumina at $100,000 with completion time of less than four weeks. Last year, 454 Life Sciences claimed a complete sequence in two months at around $1 million. Regardless, the big race now is towards the $1,000 genome.

February 11, 2008
Uit: Artikel

Wat zou het nut daarvan zijn?

Craig Venter heeft zijn genoom al op zak.
USB-stickje ;-)

Life Nr.02

Voorlopig is het nut vrij beperkt.
Maar, wet van Moore, iedere 18 maanden verdubbelt de technische vooruitgang.
==> Exponentiëel proces.

Ik zou de informatie van mijn genoom toch niet graag zomaar laten samplen door types �* la Venter.

Die kerel verkoopt die informatie door aan verzekeringsmaatschappijen.

Dat is niet de wet van Moore. Moore had het oorspronkelijk over het aantal transistors dat voor een redelijke kost op een IC'tje kon geplaatst worden.

Je doelt hoogstwaarschijnlijk op de extrapolatie van die 'wet' door Ray Kurzweil.

Kurzweil’s hypothesis

Kurzweil (1999; 2001) has proposed that technical progress can be characterized as accelerating exponential development. According to Kurzweil’s “law of accelerating returns,” technical change is generated in an evolutionary process where the outputs of the process are used as inputs in the next phase of the development. This leads to exponential growth. Kurzweil maintains that the rate of exponential growth itself increases.

Moore’s Law

In its simplest form, Moore’s Law is a relatively straightforward claim, which says that the number of components on a lowest-cost semiconductor chip grows exponentially in time.

Moore: "een exponentieel proces."
Kurzweil: "een versnellend exponentieel proces."

Zie: Kurzweil, Moore, and accelerating change

versnellend exponentieel proces
 

Beijing Genomics Institute Signs Multi-Million Dollar Order for 11 Additional Illumina Genome Analyzers
April 22, 2008

New Capacity Will Triple BGI's Rate of Whole-Genome Sequencing Projects

SAN DIEGO -- Illumina, Inc. (NASDAQ:ILMN) today announced that in early March Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI) purchased 11 Genome Analyzers, increasing the organization's total number of the Illumina sequencing systems to 17. BGI is the fourth genome center to expand its Genome Analyzer install base to double digits. As a result of recent enhancements to the Genome Analyzer, BGI researchers will have the capacity to sequence more than two human genomes to 25x coverage per week. This significant increase in throughput will expand BGI's capacity for sequencing services to the local genetic research labs, as well as broaden the range and pace of sequencing projects undertaken by the organization, such as the YangHuang 99 project, the 1000 Genomes Project, the Giant Panda Project, the tree of life project, and numerous other large-scale initiatives.

"BGI is focused on accelerating the rate of scientific discovery, and expanding our understanding of genetic variation and diversity across human genomes. We have worked closely with Illumina to determine ways to dramatically increase our sequencing capacity in order to efficiently and quickly complete several new large sequencing projects," stated Xiuqing Zhang, Director of the Sequencing Division of the Beijing Genomics Institute. "After rigorously testing this sequencing platform, we opted to purchase the additional Genome Analyzers because of the machine's enhanced level of performance, price, and ease of use. Combined with the longer 500bp reads from other platforms, Illumina is the most suitable high throughput sequencing platform for accurate de novo genome sequencing. The collaborative relationship that we established with Illumina this past year also played a significant role in our decision to scale up to 17 Genome Analyzers."

Uit: Artikel

First human genome sequenced
 

Dr. Jim Watson’s Genome Sequenced
May 29, 2007

Congratulations to Dr. James Watson, co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, whose genome sequence will be handed to him on a DVD this week. His genome was sequenced six times over for quality control and it cost 454 Life Sciences (acquired by Roche) approximately $1 million dollars.

When “Project Jim” was announced in 2005, Dr. Watson said he didn’t not want to know what variant of the ApoE gene he had. Another leader in the intial sequencing of the human genome, Craig Venter, already knows that he has ApoE4, which is associated with Alzheimer’s disease.

Uit: Artikel

Second human genome sequenced
 

Zie: Artikel
September 5, 2007

First African human genome has been sequenced
 

Zie: Artikel
08 February 2008

Beijing Genomics Institute Sequences Fourth Human Genome in the World
 

Zie: Artikel
January 7, 2008

Klinisch geneticus dr. Marjolein Kriek de eerste vrouw en de eerste Europeaan
 

Zie: Artikel
27 mei 2008

Knome Inc + Beijing Genomics Institute = Sequencing alliance
 

Knome Inc.

Knome is the first personal genomics company to offer whole-genome sequencing and comprehensive analysis services for individuals. Based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, we work alongside leading geneticists, clinicians and bioinformaticians from Harvard and MIT to enable our clients to obtain, understand, and share their genomic information in a manner that is both anonymous and secure. We are currently offering 20 individuals the opportunity to participate in our initial launch phase. By being amongst the first individuals in history to have their whole genome sequenced, these participants will help pioneer the emerging field of personal genomics. http://www.knome.com/

~~~~~~

Beijing Genomics Institute

BGI has been a core participant in all major international sequencing efforts, including the International Human Genome Project and the International HapMap Consortium. The Institute has one of the largest bioinformatics teams in the world and has made a significant investment in state-of-the-art sequencing technologies, deploying over 120 sequencing machines, 10 supercomputers, and 500 terabytes of storage. Please visit www.genomics.org.cn for more information.

Een proces dat beschreven kan worden door een exponentiële functie is altijd een versnellend proces.

Stel bvb een proces voor dat beschreven kan worden door de exponentiële functie f(x) = e^x.

Om de versnelling van die functie te weten hebben we de afgeleide nodig: deze is hier: ln(e) . e^x = e^x. De functie f(x) versnelt dus steeds ( f '(x1) > f '(x2) wanneer x1 > x2 )

Dat laatste gaat op voor elke exponentiële functie.

Het verschil tussen de wet van Moore en deze van Kurzweil zit hem mijn inziens eerder in de 'scope' van de wet.

Wat heeft dit met milieu te maken?

De bouwstenen van alle leven op aarde = inert chemisch materiaal.
Alle chemisch materiaal = deel van het ecosysteem.

nieuw imperatief in de maak omtrent evolutie
 

De beperkte groep van mensen die in het hierboven vermeldde meegaan
vormen de voorhoede van kleine groepen die zich van de maatschappij gaan
afzonderen om aan 'privé-evolutie' te doen. De voorsprong die deze
kleine groepen gaat opbouwen wordt onoverbrugbaar voor
de rest van de maatschappij. Een overweldigende meerderheid van mensen
zal deze evolutie geen warm hart toedragen, maar dat doet er niet toe.
Ze zal plaatshebben.

Een voorbeeld: als gedurende tien generaties de intellectuele capaciteiten
iedere keer met 20% toenemen, dan ga je van IQ = 100 naar IQ = 620.