| Micele |
10 november 2012 21:39 |
Citaat:
Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door D'ARTOIS
(Bericht 6408872)
Ik heb voor Iran altijd al een uitzondering gemaakt omdat dat volk een evolutie heeft gekend die door de religie tot staan is gebracht, althans vrijwel.
Nochtans is de religie een duidelijk obstakel voor een verdere ontwikkeling. Dat heeft Iran in de huidige situatie gebracht.
Je hoeft niet superslim te zijn om dat te kunnen beredeneren. Het land is meteen met het verschijnen van Khomeini 500 jaar terug gezet.
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Citaat:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran#Sc...and_technology
Science and technology
Main article: Science and technology in Iran
See also: Education in Iran and Higher education in Iran
Ancient Iranians built Qanats and Yakhchal to provide and keep water. The first windmill appeared in Iran in the 9th century.[195] Iranians contributed significantly to the current understanding of astronomy, natural science, medicine, mathematics, and philosophy. Khwarizmi is widely hailed as the father of algebra. Ethanol (alcohol) was first identified by Persian alchemists such as Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi. Throughout the Middle Ages, the philosophy and mathematics of the Ancient Greeks and Persians were furthered and preserved within Persia. The Academy of Gundishapur was a renowned centre of learning in the city of Gundeshapur during late antiquity and was the most important medical centre of the ancient world during the 6th and 7th centuries.[196] During this period, Persia became a centre for the manufacture of scientific instruments, retaining its reputation for quality well into the 19th century.
Iran strives to revive the golden age of Persian science. The country has increased its publication output nearly tenfold from 1996 through 2004, and has been ranked first in terms of output growth rate followed by China.[197] Despite the limitations in funds, facilities, and international collaborations, Iranian scientists remain highly productive in several experimental fields, such as pharmacology, pharmaceutical chemistry, organic chemistry, and polymer chemistry. Iranian scientists are also helping construct the Compact Muon Solenoid, a detector for CERN's Large Hadron Collider. In 2009, a SUSE Linux-based HPC system made by the Aerospace Research Institute of Iran (ARI) was launched with 32 cores and now runs 96 cores. Its performance was pegged at 192 GFLOPS.[198] Sorena 2 Robot, which was designed by engineers at University of Tehran, was unveiled in 2010. the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has placed the name of Surena among the five prominent robots of the world after analyzing its performance.[199]
In the biomedical sciences, Iran's Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics is a UNESCO chair in biology.[200] In late 2006, Iranian scientists successfully cloned a sheep by somatic cell nuclear transfer, at the Rouyan research centre in Tehran.[201] According to a study by David Morrison and Ali Khademhosseini (Harvard-MIT and Cambridge), stem cell research in Iran is amongst the top 10 in the world.[202] Iran ranks 15th in the world in nanotechnologies.[203][204][205]
Omid satellite. Iran is the 9th country to put a domestically built satellite into orbit.The Iranian nuclear program was launched in the 1950s. Iran is the 7th country in production of uranium hexafluoride[206] and controls the entire cycle for producing nuclear fuel.[207] Iran's current facilities includes several research reactors, a uranium mine, an almost complete commercial nuclear reactor, and uranium processing facilities that include a uranium enrichment plant. Recently, head of the British spy agency MI6 forecast that Iran will achieve nuclear weapon capability in two years.[208]
The Iranian Space Agency launched its first reconnaissance satellite named Sina-1 in 2006, and a space rocket in 2007,[209] which aimed at improving science and research for university students.[210] Iran placed its domestically built satellite, Omid into orbit on the 30th anniversary of the Iranian Revolution, on 2 February 2009,[211] through Safir rocket, becoming the ninth country in the world capable of both producing a satellite and sending it into space from a domestically made launcher.[212] In July 2012, Iranian Supereme leader Ali Khamanei stated on a State TV broadcast that US-led sanctions have not succeeded in impeding the technological advancement of his nation.[213]
Iranian scientists outside Iran have also made some major contributions to science. In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh.[214] Iranian cardiologist, Tofy Mussivand invented and developed the first artificial cardiac pump, the precursor of the artificial heart. Furthering research and treatment of diabetes, HbA1c was discovered by Samuel Rahbar. Iranian physics is especially strong in string theory, with many papers being published in Iran.[215] Iranian-American string theorist Kamran Vafa proposed the Vafa-Witten theorem together with Edward Witten.
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Citaat:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science...nology_in_Iran
Trying to revive the golden time of Persian science, Iran's scientists cautiously reach out to the world. Many individual Iranian scientists, along with the Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences and Academy of Sciences of Iran, are involved in this revival.
Iran is an example of a country that has made considerable advances through education and training, despite international sanctions in almost all aspects of research during the past 30 years. Iran's university population swelled from 100,000 in 1979 to 2 million in 2006. 70% of its science and engineering students are women.[1] Iran's scientific progress is reported to be the fastest in the world.[2] Iran has made great strides in different sectors, including aerospace, nuclear science, medical development, as well as stem cell and cloning research.[3] According to SCImago, Iran could rank fourth in the world in terms of research output by 2018.[4]
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2018 is goed 5 jaar nog...
Van nummer 19 naar 4, mmm niet slecht.
[4]
Citaat:
http://tehrantimes.com/politics/1016...n-2018-scimago
TEHRAN – Iran could rank fourth in the world in terms of scientific publications and research articles in 2018, according to a forecasting exercise recently carried out by the SCImago Journal & Country Rank on how the world will perform in research by 2018 based on past performance.
The SCImago Journal & Country Rank is a portal that includes the journals and country scientific indicators developed from the information contained in the Scopus® database (Elsevier B.V.).
According to the exercise, three Islamic countries would show dramatic increases in numbers and rankings: Iran, Malaysia, and Pakistan, University World News reported.
The SCImago analyzes scientific outputs of institutions and countries and monitors more than 30,000 journals.
In the exercise, seven countries from the Islamic world were included among the top 50 countries: Iran, Malaysia, Turkey, Pakistan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Nigeria.
In the predictions, Iran moves ahead from number 19 to number four, Malaysia from 30 to 13, and Pakistan from 43 to 27 – the second highest increase worldwide, primarily due to innovative higher education policies and reforms being undertaken by the Higher Education Commission.
And according to a recent report, Nano Statistics, as a result of higher education and research development, Iran has jumped up two places to sit at nine in the recent ranking, University World News reported.
The report was based on the number of scientific publications associated with nanotechnology during the first half of 2012 – constituting 8.3% of the entire scientific literature generated during the period.
According to the 2012 academic ranking of world universities, or ARWU, from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, seven universities from Islamic states were included in the top 500 universities: University of Malay (Malaysia), Istanbul University (Turkey), Cairo University (Egypt), Tehran University (Iran), and three universities in Saudi Arabia: King Saud University, King Abdulaziz University, and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals.
EP/PA
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enz...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_in_Iran
lees eens rustig door of hun satellieten en wetenschappen en universiteiten enz... nog 500 jaar terug in de tijd staan... ;-)
In elk geval zijn ze world-n° 1 in de groei...
Citaat:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interna...nce_technology
Name: Science & Technology Growth Rate
Rank: 1
Out of: World
Year: 2010
Source: World Science-Metrix Report / Science-Metrix country graph comparison / Government of United Kingdom
Notes:
Highest science & technology growth rate in the world, 1000% increase in 9 years (1995–2004); Iran has increased its academic publishing output from 0.0003% of world's total output in 1970 to 0.29% by 2004 (That is ~100000% growth in 33 years),[126] by 2008 Iran's share had reached 1.02% of the world's total output (~340000% growth in 37 years);[127] Iran's 2009 growth rate in science & technology was highest globally being 11 times faster than the world's average rate; Iran has been doubling its scientific output every 3 years;[128] In 2009 ranked at 22nd by total scientific output; 19th in mathematics output, 17th in computer science applications output, 15th in nuclear technology output; 28th in physics output; 16th in aerospace technology output; 17th in medicine output, 13th in chemistry output & 15th in nanotechnology output[129][130] More info: Science in newly industrialized countries; Iranian scientific publications online digital archive.
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