| patrickve |
12 februari 2019 13:44 |
Citaat:
Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Het Oosten
(Bericht 8936570)
Ze zeggen dat ze niet precies kunnen zeggen hoe de aliën er zou uitzien, wel dat hij gelijkenissen zou vertonen met ons en dat er door natuurlijke selectie aliën wezens zouden kunnen zijn ontstaan die niet eens zoveel zouden verschillen van ons.
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De essentie van hun paper is dit hier:
Citaat:
In particular, the evolution of complex life on the Earth
appears to have depended upon a small number of what have
been termed major evolutionary transitions in individuality. In
each transition, a group of individuals that could previously rep-
licate independently cooperate to form a new, more complex life
form or higher level organism.
For example, genes cooperated to
form genomes, different single-celled organisms formed the
eukaryotic cell, cells cooperated to form multicellular organisms,
and multicellular organisms formed eusocial societies
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Het is trouwens hartverwarmend hoezeer wat die auteurs schrijven, overeenkomt met mijn "extreme visies" en dat wij, zoals ik denk, "binnenkort" (een paar eeuwen ten hoogste) ook weer zo een "major evolutionary transition" gaan meemaken - in mijn visie, naar intelligente machines, of naar totalitaire maatschappijen.
Citaat:
For example, the evolution of multicellularity
involved a transition from an entity with one part (the single-
celled organism) working for the success of itself, to an entity
with many parts (the multicellular organism), working for the
success of the whole group. The cells can now have very different
functions (a division of labour), as each is just a component of a
multicellular machine, sacrificing itself for the good of the group,
to get a sperm or egg cell into the next generation.
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Om dat te bekomen, moeten er extreme dingen gebeuren:
Citaat:
Major transitions
involve organisms cooperating so completely that they give up
their status as individuals, becoming parts of a whole (Queller
& Strassmann 2009). Unsurprisingly, then, major transitions
require the extreme condition of effectively complete or perfect
alignment of interests (Gardner & Grafen 2009; West et al. 2015).
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Hier heb je de basis stelling, een hierarchische opbouw:
Citaat:
Organisms are a nested hierarchy, where each nested
level is the vestige of a former individual (Fig. 3). Eusocial ant col-
onies function as a single individual, but are made up of multicel-
lular organisms. Those organisms themselves are made up of cells.
In turn, those cells resulted from the fusion of two simple species
early in evolution.
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en
Citaat:
To conclude so far, empirical observation tells us that com-
plexity has increased on earth through major transitions.
Evolutionary theory tells us that for major transitions to occur,
the conflict must be eliminated. The theory also tells us what con-
ditions lead to the elimination of conflict. The empirical data
agree with the predictions of the theory, in that major transitions
have only occurred in the extreme conditions that effectively
remove conflict
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Wat ik zo vaak stel, wordt hier ook weer gegeven:
Citaat:
Under natural selection, units are selected
to be selfish, striving to replicate themselves at the expense of
others.
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En hier is dus nog eens samengevat de stelling van het paper:
Citaat:
Consequently, complex aliens will be composed of a nested hier-
archy of entities, with the conditions required to eliminate conflict
at each of those levels
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Nergens spreken ze van een dinges met een hoofd, twee ogen en twee armen en benen. |
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