| Pandareus |
26 december 2016 16:11 |
Citaat:
Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Jan van den Berghe
(Bericht 8329279)
Kortom, u bevestigt eens te meer dat u feest en datum met elkaar blijft verwisselen.
Kerstmis is niet begonnen onder paus Liberius, maar bestond reeds veel vroeger. Het ontstond in het Oosten en werd indertijd in januari gevierd. Uiteindelijk heeft heel de christenheid de nieuwe datum overgenomen, met uitzondering van enkele kleinere christelijke gemeenschappen (als bijvoorbeeld de Armeniërs).
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Dat klopt gewoon niet :
Citaat:
Prior to the legalization of Christianity by the Emperor Constantine in the year 313, no universal date or even formal celebration of Christmas is found. For instance, Origen (d.255), St. Irenaeus (d. 202), and Tertullian (d. 220) do not include Christmas or its date on their lists of feasts and celebrations.
After legalization, the Church was better able to establish ;universal dates of feasts and to organize the public celebration. Moreover, we now see the Church addressing controversies concerning Jesus as true God and true man and how He entered this world. Such concern would focus more attention on the importance of celebrating Christmas, the birth of our Lord.
On the more practical side of this issue, Roman pagans used to gather at the hill where the Vatican is presently located to commemorate the "Birth of the Unconquered Sun" This pagan feast was celebrated throughout the Empire either on Dec. 25 (according to the Julian Calendar) or on Jan. 6 (according to the Egyptian calendar). Although not proven with certainty, some historians credit Constantine, who declared Sunday as a day; of rest in the Empire, with replacing the pagan festival with that of Christmas. Interestingly, since the 200s, Jesus was honored with the title, "Sun of Justice."
Somehow all of these elements converged to the formal celebration of Christmas on Dec. 25. For instance, Christmas was celebrated in Rome by Pope Liberius (352-66) on Dec. 25. On Dec. 25, 379, St. Gregory Nazianzus preached a Christmas sermon in Constantinople. In the Cathedral of Milan, St. Ambrose (d. 397) celebrated Christmas. Therefore, by; the year 400, generally, the birth of Christ was set on Dec. 25 with the exception of Palestine, where it was celebrated on Jan. 6 until the mid-600s, when it was then transferred to Dec. 25.
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bron : http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/...christmas.html
Dit artikel geeft nog wat meer detail rond het "waarom" van de keuze van de datum wel degelijk erg belangrijk is, waarom de keizer die datum er doordrukte.
Citaat:
The surprising reason we celebrate Christmas on December 25
by IWB · December 22, 2011
From Bloomberg:
This Christmas, whether you celebrate the arrival of Santa Claus, the birth of Jesus Christ or the chance to eat Chinese food and see any movie you want, spare a thought for Pope Liberius. He’s the man responsible for setting its date as Dec. 25.
And his probable reasons for doing so should give pause to the holiday’s most devout champions and its shrillest critics.
Ever wonder why some Christian holidays, such as Easter, Ash Wednesday and Ascension Day, are “movable feasts,” changing around the calendar from year to year, while others, such as Christmas and Epiphany, do not?
The reason is that the movable feasts are much older, celebrated from the earliest days of the church. They were based loosely on the lunar Hebrew calendar. Passover is celebrated on the day of the first full moon of spring, and the Last Supper was a Seder. So early Christians marked Good Friday (the day of the crucifixion) and Easter (the Resurrection) soon after Passover. (In 325 A.D., Easter was fixed on the first Sunday after the first full moon of spring.)
Christmas was only added to the Christian calendar in the fourth century, and, frankly, it was added as a marketing ploy.
We don’t know the actual date of the birth of Jesus, but St. Luke (one of the two Gospel writers who mention the nativity) noted that at the time the “shepherds were abiding in the field and keeping watch over their flocks by night.” That would imply a date in the spring or summer, when the herds were up in the hills, not in the winter, when the animals were kept in corrals.
Saturnalia’s Role
So why did Pope Liberius decide in 354 to celebrate Christmas on Dec. 25? Well, in the absence of a fourth-century tell-all by one of Bob Woodward’s forerunners, we can’t really be sure. But we do know two things: First, when Liberius took office, the church was beset by a heresy known as Arianism, which taught that Jesus Christ was not truly divine but rather a created being. Second, Dec. 25 fell right at the end of the Saturnalia, the ancient Roman solstice festival, celebrated from Dec. 17 to Dec. 24. In the fourth century, after the Emperor Constantine (who ruled from 306 to 337) converted to Christianity, the new religion spread very rapidly. But the pagan Saturnalia was a very popular festival. It was marked with parties, gift-giving, decorating the houses with evergreens (sound familiar?), and a lot of drinking and sex.
By setting the date of Christmas as Dec. 25, Pope Liberius was both affirming the divine birth of Christ against heretics and telling would-be Christians that, in effect, “you can convert to Christianity and still enjoy the Saturnalia.”
Medieval Christmas, like its pagan ancestor, was a raucous, usually drunken affair. Many dioceses had a “feast of fools,” in which one of the lower clergy was temporarily installed as a “bishop of fools” and fun was made of church ceremonial. In France, churches held a “fete de l’ane,” in honor of the donkey who brought Mary to Bethlehem. Outside the church there was community-wide feasting, drinking and, it’s safe to assume, sex.
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bron : http://investmentwatchblog.com/the-s...n-december-25/ |
