|
Perm. Vertegenwoordiger VN
Geregistreerd: 25 april 2005
Berichten: 12.883
|
bestaan rassen? wat is racisme?
Vooraleer racisme te behandelen, bij VB of elders is het belangrijk om in te zien dat racisme niet betekent dat er inderdaad rassen bestaan !
Dit is één van de oudste mythes.
Citaat:
Do Races Exist?
I. Is “race” a scientifically valid concept?
A.Anthropologist Ashley Montague calls this “Man’s Most Dangerous Myth”(1942 book)
1. Says concept promotes damaging stereotypes, but has no validity
2. Says should substitute concept of “ethnicity” for “race”
II.What is the difference between “race” and “ethnicity”
A. Ethnicity:based on cultural (socially produced)difference--nationality,language,religion B. Race: perceived inherited or biological characteristics: 1. Skin color, 2. Hair color and
texture, 3. Facial features, 4. Stature, 5. Shape of head, 6. Blood groups
III.Scholarly Critique of “Race”
A. number of races; it is purely arbitrary--anywhere from 3 to over 100
B. Blurred phenotypes because migration and invasion eliminated pure gene frequencies
C. Nonconcordance: very different classifications produced by different traits:
1. Scooped-out shape of back of front teeth:Swedes,Native Ams,Asians in same race
2. Blood types: New Guineans & Germans in 1 race; Estonians & Japanese in other
3. 99% of human variation unaccounted for by race
D. Superficial characteristics only: claims that race causes morality, intelligence, or
behavior have no scientific basis and are a product of racism
1. The Bell Curve (Hernnstein) rejected by most of scientific community
2. Social factors could 100% explain group differences even if 90% IQ inherited
a.Thomas Sowell (1978) “Race and IQ”: increase in immigrant group
Scores the longer in the U.S.--acculturation & improved SES
IV.Social and political significance of “race”
A. No biological significance, but perceptions result in different treatment (discrimination)
1. W.I. Thomas: if myth is socially defined as true, then real in its consequences
B.Racism has two levels:
1. Personal or overt: attributable to individuals
a. prejudice (attitude): statements and beliefs: 1.negative, 2.rigid, 3.emotional
1. 1990 survey by Larry Bobo: Blacks/Hispanics seen as less intelligent
b. discrimination: (act) favoritism not based on qualifications or performance
1. Hilary Silver’s examination of federal workers fired in 1992:
a.Blacks 16.6% of workers, but 39% of those fired
b.Race better predictor than experience, discipline,performance ratings
c.Hispanics no more likely to be fired than Anglos; Asians less likely
2.Jury Bias: Rand Corp. Study of civil jury trials in Chicago, 1965-1979:
Black litigants less likely to win and receive less when winning
3.Racial steering:blacks shown housing in black areas by real estate agents
2. Structural: not individual but institutions;inertia in system from past discriminate
a.not based on intentions, but unequal education, income, power, housing,etc.
b.basis for Voting Rights Act of 1965
c. 2 criteria for attending univ: pay tuition, test scores; favored by family SES
back to class notes index
|
Citaat:
|
Any attitude, action or institutional structure which systematically treats an individual or group of individuals differently because of their race. The most common form of racism in North America is in the form discrimination against African-Americans. However, it occasionally is manifested as preferential treatment for blacks. A secondary meaning is the belief that one race -- normally caucasian -- is inherently superior to other races. See also sexism, religism, and homophobia.
|
[size=4]
Citaat:
[size=4]Definition of racism[/size]
Racism is essentially a conscious or unconscious belief in the inherent superiority of one race over another\others and thereby the right by that race to use power to dominate.
The most widespread form of racism consist in the internalized belief in the superiority of the white race over all others. The result is that culture, norms, theories and practices of the white racial group(s) come to be seen and to be treated as normative for all. In addition, whites come to be seen as entitled to better preferential treatment.
In our current context (South Africa) the belief in the superiority of the white race over the black race was historically implemented through the process of colonialism and apartheid and is presently maintained through economical and other structures as well as personal factors.
Racism can exist at different levels- personal, interpersonal, institutional and cultural.
Personal Level Racism: Personal attitudes, values and beliefs about the superiority of the white race and the inferiority of the black race.
Interpersonal Level Racism: Behaviour towards others that reflects this belief.
Institutional Level Racism: The established laws, customs, traditions and practices which systematically result in racial inequalities in a society, organisations or institutions.
Cultural Level Racism: The values and norms of social conduct that promote white cultural practices as norm and the measuring standard and sustain black culture in an inferior position. This is racism operating at the taken-for-granted level.
Most often the interplay between these different levels of racism makes for an interdepenendence and interconnections between structural and personal elements of racism so that one feeds from and into the other.
Racism as explained above manifests itself overly (blatant) as well as covertly (hidden).
|
[/size][edit]
[size=1] Edit:[/size] [size=1]After edit by ericferemans on 11-07-2005 at 22:40
Reason:
--------------------------------
Vooraleer racisme te behandelen, bij VB of elders is het belangrijk om in te zien dat racisme niet betekent dat er inderdaad rassen bestaan !
Dit is één van de oudste mythes.
Citaat:
Do Races Exist?
I. Is “race” a scientifically valid concept?
A.Anthropologist Ashley Montague calls this “Man’s Most Dangerous Myth”(1942 book)
1. Says concept promotes damaging stereotypes, but has no validity
2. Says should substitute concept of “ethnicity” for “race”
II.What is the difference between “race” and “ethnicity”
A. Ethnicity:based on cultural (socially produced)difference--nationality,language,religion B. Race: perceived inherited or biological characteristics: 1. Skin color, 2. Hair color and
texture, 3. Facial features, 4. Stature, 5. Shape of head, 6. Blood groups
III.Scholarly Critique of “Race”
A. number of races; it is purely arbitrary--anywhere from 3 to over 100
B. Blurred phenotypes because migration and invasion eliminated pure gene frequencies
C. Nonconcordance: very different classifications produced by different traits:
1. Scooped-out shape of back of front teeth:Swedes,Native Ams,Asians in same race
2. Blood types: New Guineans & Germans in 1 race; Estonians & Japanese in other
3. 99% of human variation unaccounted for by race
D. Superficial characteristics only: claims that race causes morality, intelligence, or
behavior have no scientific basis and are a product of racism
1. The Bell Curve (Hernnstein) rejected by most of scientific community
2. Social factors could 100% explain group differences even if 90% IQ inherited
a.Thomas Sowell (1978) “Race and IQ”: increase in immigrant group
Scores the longer in the U.S.--acculturation & improved SES
IV.Social and political significance of “race”
A. No biological significance, but perceptions result in different treatment (discrimination)
1. W.I. Thomas: if myth is socially defined as true, then real in its consequences
B.Racism has two levels:
1. Personal or overt: attributable to individuals
a. prejudice (attitude): statements and beliefs: 1.negative, 2.rigid, 3.emotional
1. 1990 survey by Larry Bobo: Blacks/Hispanics seen as less intelligent
b. discrimination: (act) favoritism not based on qualifications or performance
1. Hilary Silver’s examination of federal workers fired in 1992:
a.Blacks 16.6% of workers, but 39% of those fired
b.Race better predictor than experience, discipline,performance ratings
c.Hispanics no more likely to be fired than Anglos; Asians less likely
2.Jury Bias: Rand Corp. Study of civil jury trials in Chicago, 1965-1979:
Black litigants less likely to win and receive less when winning
3.Racial steering:blacks shown housing in black areas by real estate agents
2. Structural: not individual but institutions;inertia in system from past discriminate
a.not based on intentions, but unequal education, income, power, housing,etc.
b.basis for Voting Rights Act of 1965
c. 2 criteria for attending univ: pay tuition, test scores; favored by family SES
back to class notes index
|
Citaat:
|
Any attitude, action or institutional structure which systematically treats an individual or group of individuals differently because of their race. The most common form of racism in North America is in the form discrimination against African-Americans. However, it occasionally is manifested as preferential treatment for blacks. A secondary meaning is the belief that one race -- normally caucasian -- is inherently superior to other races. See also sexism, religism, and homophobia.
|
[size=4]
Citaat:
[size=4]Definition of racism[/size]
Racism is essentially a conscious or unconscious belief in the inherent superiority of one race over another\others and thereby the right by that race to use power to dominate.
The most widespread form of racism consist in the internalized belief in the superiority of the white race over all others. The result is that culture, norms, theories and practices of the white racial group(s) come to be seen and to be treated as normative for all. In addition, whites come to be seen as entitled to better preferential treatment.
In our current context (South Africa) the belief in the superiority of the white race over the black race was historically implemented through the process of colonialism and apartheid and is presently maintained through economical and other structures as well as personal factors.
Racism can exist at different levels- personal, interpersonal, institutional and cultural.
Personal Level Racism: Personal attitudes, values and beliefs about the superiority of the white race and the inferiority of the black race.
Interpersonal Level Racism: Behaviour towards others that reflects this belief.
Institutional Level Racism: The established laws, customs, traditions and practices which systematically result in racial inequalities in a society, organisations or institutions.
Cultural Level Racism: The values and norms of social conduct that promote white cultural practices as norm and the measuring standard and sustain black culture in an inferior position. This is racism operating at the taken-for-granted level.
Most often the interplay between these different levels of racism makes for an interdepenendence and interconnections between structural and personal elements of racism so that one feeds from and into the other.
Racism as explained above manifests itself overly (blatant) as well as covertly (hidden).
|
[/size][/size] |
[size=1] Edit:[/size] [size=1]After edit by ericferemans on 11-07-2005 at 22:32
Reason:
--------------------------------
Citaat:
|
Any attitude, action or institutional structure which systematically treats an individual or group of individuals differently because of their race. The most common form of racism in North America is in the form discrimination against African-Americans. However, it occasionally is manifested as preferential treatment for blacks. A secondary meaning is the belief that one race -- normally caucasian -- is inherently superior to other races. See also sexism, religism, and homophobia.
|
[size=4]
Citaat:
[size=4]Definition of racism[/size]
Racism is essentially a conscious or unconscious belief in the inherent superiority of one race over another\others and thereby the right by that race to use power to dominate.
The most widespread form of racism consist in the internalized belief in the superiority of the white race over all others. The result is that culture, norms, theories and practices of the white racial group(s) come to be seen and to be treated as normative for all. In addition, whites come to be seen as entitled to better preferential treatment.
In our current context (South Africa) the belief in the superiority of the white race over the black race was historically implemented through the process of colonialism and apartheid and is presently maintained through economical and other structures as well as personal factors.
Racism can exist at different levels- personal, interpersonal, institutional and cultural.
Personal Level Racism: Personal attitudes, values and beliefs about the superiority of the white race and the inferiority of the black race.
Interpersonal Level Racism: Behaviour towards others that reflects this belief.
Institutional Level Racism: The established laws, customs, traditions and practices which systematically result in racial inequalities in a society, organisations or institutions.
Cultural Level Racism: The values and norms of social conduct that promote white cultural practices as norm and the measuring standard and sustain black culture in an inferior position. This is racism operating at the taken-for-granted level.
Most often the interplay between these different levels of racism makes for an interdepenendence and interconnections between structural and personal elements of racism so that one feeds from and into the other.
Racism as explained above manifests itself overly (blatant) as well as covertly (hidden).
|
[/size][/size] |
[size=1] Edit:[/size] [size=1]After edit by ericferemans on 11-07-2005 at 22:31
Reason:
--------------------------------
Citaat:
|
Any attitude, action or institutional structure which systematically treats an individual or group of individuals differently because of their race. The most common form of racism in North America is in the form discrimination against African-Americans. However, it occasionally is manifested as preferential treatment for blacks. A secondary meaning is the belief that one race -- normally caucasian -- is inherently superior to other races. See also sexism, religism, and homophobia.
|
[size=4]Definition of racism[/size][/size] |
[size=1]Before any edits, post was:
--------------------------------
Any attitude, action or institutional structure which systematically treats an individual or group of individuals differently because of their race. The most common form of racism in North America is in the form discrimination against African-Americans. However, it occasionally is manifested as preferential treatment for blacks. A secondary meaning is the belief that one race -- normally caucasian -- is inherently superior to other races. See also sexism, religism, and homophobia.
[font=Arial Black][size=4]Definition of racism[/size][/font]<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">[/size] |
[/edit]
Laatst gewijzigd door ericferemans : 11 juli 2005 om 21:40.
|