[Micele]

vervolg betreft de FUD:

https://www.medpagetoday.com/cardiol...hythmias/72491

Electric Cars Don't Make Cardiac Devices Go Haywire

— Electromagnetic interference not seen in 108-person study

by Nicole Lou, Staff Writer, MedPage Today April 23, 2018

No evidence that electric cars exhibit electromagnetic interference with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) was seen in a single-center study.

These cars were not associated with pacing inhibition, inappropriate shocks, or device reprogramming when tested under three conditions, according to a group led by Carsten Lennerz, MD, of Deutsches Herzzentrum München in Germany:

- CIED patients sitting in the front seat while electric cars ran on a roller test bench, with magnetic field strength measured in and around the car

- CIED patients charging the car they sat in, with field strength measured along charging cables during charging

- Investigators driving the cars on public roads, with field strength measured inside the car

Electromagnetic field strength was the highest when electric cars were charging, growing stronger at higher charging current (30.1 to 116.5 ?T), the investigators reported online in Annals of Internal Medicine.

With patients with CIEDs in the front seat, however, field strength peaked in just the 2.0-3.6 ?T range. There was no difference between front and back seat values.

Outside the car, peak field strength fell somewhere between charging and in-car values during testing. Field strength measured inside the car during open-road driving was close to that exhibited during the test bench studies.

Lennerz's group used magnetic field measurement as a proxy for total electromagnetic exposure, saying that such fields can induce electric fields within the body and thereby interfere with CIEDs.

"Electric cars are equipped with shielding to prevent electromagnetic interference with on-board computer systems, which may explain our finding of low field strength inside the cars. This shielding may also be expected to protect CIEDs from electromagnetic interference," Lennerz and colleagues noted.

"The lack of anecdotal reports of CIED malfunction associated with such transportation is consistent with our findings," they said. "Electric and magnetic fields generated during operation and charging of electric cars did not affect CIED function or programming. Electric cars seem safe for patients with CIEDs, and restrictions do not appear to be required. However, we recommend vigilance to monitor for rare events, especially those associated with charging and proposed 'supercharging' technology."

For this study, 150 consecutive patients with CIEDs at the authors' electrophysiology clinic were asked to participate, of whom 108 did: 34 who had pacemakers and 74 who had implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Altogether, 42 device and lead families from seven manufacturers were tested.

Participants were assigned to one of four electric cars (BMW i3, Nissan Leaf, Tesla Model 85S, and Volkswagen e-up!), determined by vehicle availability when participants visited the test facility. The investigators did not include hybrid cars, so as to ensure electric operation and maximum electromagnetic field generation.