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Economie Hier kan je discussiëren over economie en staatsschuld |
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28 oktober 2012, 16:14 | #1 |
Banneling
Geregistreerd: 16 november 2007
Berichten: 8.492
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Verklaring voor economische crises
Hebben gezocht naar een passende verklaring voor de 'economische' crises, eindelijk gevonden ...
Het Dunning-Kruger-effect treedt op bij incompetente mensen die juist door hun incompetentie het metacognitieve vermogen missen om in te zien dat hun keuzes en conclusies soms verkeerd zijn. Met andere woorden: incompetente mensen overschatten nogal eens hun eigen kunnen, en daardoor wanen ze zich bovengemiddeld competent. Mensen die werkelijk bovengemiddeld competent zijn, hebben daarentegen de neiging hun eigen kunnen te onderschatten. Minder competente mensen slaan zodoende hun eigen capaciteiten hoger aan dan zij die veel competenter zijn. Dat kan een verklaring zijn voor het gebrek aan intellectueel zelfvertrouwen waar sommige competente mensen mee kampen: zij gaan ervan uit dat anderen net zo capabel zijn als zijzelf. Incompetente mensen vergissen zich dus doordat ze zichzelf verkeerd inschatten, terwijl competente mensen zich vergissen doordat ze anderen verkeerd inschatten. Het fenomeen is waargenomen door tal van filosofen, onder wie de Brit Bertrand Russell, die er het volgende over opmerkte: "In de wereld van vandaag lopen de domkoppen over van zelfverzekerdheid, terwijl de slimmeriken een en al twijfel zijn" http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning-Kruger-effect |
2 november 2012, 06:05 | #2 |
Banneling
Geregistreerd: 21 april 2008
Berichten: 12.832
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(Stock heeft twee betekenissen bij Smith, in dit geval gaat het om kapitaal.)
"The plans and projects of the employers of stock regulate and direct all the most important operation of labour, and profit is the end proposed by all those plans and projects. But the rate of profit does not, like rent and wages, rise with the prosperity, and fall with the declension of the society. On the contrary, it is naturally low in rich, and high in poor countries, and it is always highest in the countries which are going fastest to ruin. The interest of this third order, therefore, has not the same connexion with the general interest of the society, as that of the other two. Merchants and master manufacturers are, in this order, the two classes of people who commonly employ the largest capitals, and who by their wealth draw to themselves the greatest share of the public consideration. As during their whole lives they are engaged in plans and projects, they have frequently more acuteness of understanding than the greater part of country gentlemen. As their thoughts, however, are commonly exercised rather about the interest of their own particular branch of business. than about that of the society, their judgment, even when given with the greatest candour (which it has not been upon every occasion), is much more to be depended upon with regard to the former of those two objects, than with regard to the latter. Their superiority over the country gentleman is, not so much in their knowledge of the public interest, as in their having a better knowledge of their own interest than he has of his. It is by this superior knowledge of their own interest that they have frequently imposed upon his generosity, and persuaded him to give up both his own interest and that of the public, from a very simple but honest conviction, that their interest, and not his, was the interest of the public. The interest of the dealers, however, in any particular branch of trade or manufactures, is always in some respects different from, and even opposite to, that of the public. To widen the market, and to narrow the competition, is always the interest of the dealers. To widen the market may frequently be agreeable enough to the interest of the public; but to narrow the competition must always be against it, and can only serve to enable the dealers, by raising their profits above what they naturally would be, to levy, for their own benefit, an absurd tax upon the rest of their fellow-citizens. The proposal of any new law or regulation of commerce which comes from this order, ought always to be listened to with great precaution, and ought never to be adopted till after having been long and carefully examined, not only with the most scrupulous, but with the most suspicious attention. It comes from an order of men, whose interest is never exactly the same with that of the public, who have generally an interest to deceive and even to oppress the public, and who accordingly have, upon many occasions, both deceived and oppressed it." Adam Smith, Wealth of nations Hoeft geen verdere uitleg bij zeker. Onze country gentlemen (politici) hebben ons in de luren laten leggen. Laatst gewijzigd door Scherven A. Mok : 2 november 2012 om 06:06. |
2 november 2012, 06:14 | #3 | |
Banneling
Geregistreerd: 16 november 2007
Berichten: 8.492
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Citaat:
http://retro.nrc.nl/W2/Lab/Castells/ |
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