De Cultuurbarbaren

[michr.oscoop]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door C uit W

[De interne onrust en de oorlog met iran hebben de bevolking niet verarmd denk je? En wie ben jij om de amerikanen dom te noemen?

Wat zou jij er van vinden als de Amerikanen in Antwerpen zouden binnenvallen en het Rubenshuis zouden laten plunderen en in brand steken?
Zou je dat een bewijs van cultureel en historisch inzicht vinden?
Zo ja, kijk dan nog maar wat verder naar Disney time op Ket Net!!!

[TomB]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door michr.oscoop

Wat zou jij er van vinden als de Amerikanen in Antwerpen zouden binnenvallen en het Rubenshuis zouden laten plunderen en in brand steken?
Zou je dat een bewijs van cultureel en historisch inzicht vinden?
Zo ja, kijk dan nog maar wat verder naar Disney time op Ket Net!!!

Zou dat niet meer zeggen over de Belgen dan over de Amerikanen?

[Paulus de Boskabouter]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door michr.oscoop

Wat zou jij er van vinden als de Amerikanen in Antwerpen zouden binnenvallen en het Rubenshuis zouden laten plunderen en in brand steken?
Zou je dat een bewijs van cultureel en historisch inzicht vinden?
Zo ja, kijk dan nog maar wat verder naar Disney time op Ket Net!!!

Ik zou dat een mooie gelegenheid vinden om een Rubens in huis te halen.

[michr.oscoop]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door TomB

Zou dat niet meer zeggen over de Belgen dan over de Amerikanen?

Het valt me idd wat tegen van-sommige-Irakezen. Feit blijft wel dat Sadam beter in staat is gebleken om die kunstschatten te vrijwaren dan de Amerikanen.
Bagdad telt 5 miljoen inwoners. Enkele honderden vandalen daarvan maakten van het machtsvacuum misbruik om zich uit te leven.
Dat heel die geuniformeerde Amerikaanse terroristenbende daar niets tegen heeft ondernomen is een schande, maar ja wat kan je anders verwachten van mensen die denken dat de wereldgeschiedenis begint met de Declaration of Independence?

[democratsteve]

Wat me opvalt in al deze berichten, is dat er nergens melding wordt gemaakt van het volgende: Ik weet ook niet juist de naam ervan, maar er bestaat een soort conventie van Geneve, die tijdens oorlog het werelderfgoed moet beschermen. Zowat alle beschaafde landen ter wereld(including Irak) hebben deze onderschreven. Raad eens wie niet?
Misschien kunnen onze specialisten Darwin en Jan VandenBerghe hier over iets meer vertellen. Ik hoorde van de week eventjes een Nederlandse professor erover praten, maar meer weet ik ook niet.

[TomB]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door democratsteve

Wat me opvalt in al deze berichten, is dat er nergens melding wordt gemaakt van het volgende: Ik weet ook niet juist de naam ervan, maar er bestaat een soort conventie van Geneve, die tijdens oorlog het werelderfgoed moet beschermen. Zowat alle beschaafde landen ter wereld(including Irak) hebben deze onderschreven. Raad eens wie niet?
Misschien kunnen onze specialisten Darwin en Jan VandenBerghe hier over iets meer vertellen. Ik hoorde van de week eventjes een Nederlandse professor erover praten, maar meer weet ik ook niet.

Het is de conventie van den haag in 1954
http://www.icomos.org/hague/hague.convention.html

Ik ken er natuurlijk geen blaas van, maar google wel

[Darwin]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door democratsteve

Wat me opvalt in al deze berichten, is dat er nergens melding wordt gemaakt van het volgende: Ik weet ook niet juist de naam ervan, maar er bestaat een soort conventie van Geneve, die tijdens oorlog het werelderfgoed moet beschermen. Zowat alle beschaafde landen ter wereld(including Irak) hebben deze onderschreven. Raad eens wie niet?
Misschien kunnen onze specialisten Darwin en Jan VandenBerghe hier over iets meer vertellen. Ik hoorde van de week eventjes een Nederlandse professor erover praten, maar meer weet ik ook niet.

Hier heb ik al iets gevonden zie :

http://www.icomos.org/hague/hague.rat.html



UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION
U N E S C O
Convention and Protocol for the Protection of Cultural Property
in the Event of Armed Conflict
(The Hague, 14 May 1954)
LIST OF THE 88 STATES PARTIES
(75 STATES PARTIES TO THE PROTOCOL)

AS AT 15 JUNE 1996



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ALBANIA 20.12.1960 (A) 20.03.1961 20.12.1960 (A) 20.03.1961
ARGENTINA 22.03.1989 (A) 22.06.1989 -
ARMENIA
(Rep. of) [1] 05.09.1993 (S) Note 1 05.09.1993 (S) Note 1
AUSTRALIA 19.09.1984 (R) 19.12.1984 -
AUSTRIA 25.03.1964 (R) 25.06.1964 25.03.1964 (R) 25.06.1964
AZERBAIJAN
(Rep. of) 20.09.1993 (A) 20.12.1993 20.09.1993 (A) 20.12.1993
BELARUS 07.05.1957 (R) 07.08.1957 07.05.1957 (R) 07.08.1957
BELGIUM 16.09.1960 (R) 16.12.1960 16.09.1960 (R) 16.12.1960
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
(Rep.of) [2] 12.07.1993 (S) Note 2 12.07.1993 (S) Note 2
BRAZIL 12.09.1958 (R) 12.12.1958 12.09.1958 (R) 12.12.1958
BULGARIA 07.08.1956 (A) 07.11.1956 09.10.1958 (A) 09.01.1959
BURKINA FASO 18.12.1969 (A) 18.03.1970 04.02.1987 (A) 04.05.1987
CAMBODIA 04.04.1962 (R) 04.07.1962 04.04.1962 (R) 04.07.1962
CAMEROON 12.10.1961 (A) 12.01.1962 12.10.1961 (A) 12.01.1962
COTE D'IVOIRE 24.01.1980 (A) 24.04.1980 -
CROATIA
(Rep. of) [2] 06.07.1992 (S) Note 2 06.07.1992 (S) Note 2
CUBA 26.11.1957 (R) 26.02.1958 26.11.1957 (R) 26.02.1958
CYPRUS 09.09.1964 (A) 09.12.1964 09.09.1964 (A) 09.12.1964
CZECH REPUBLIC [3] 26.03.1993 (S) Note 3 26.03.1993 (S) Note 3
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 05.01.1960 (A) 05.04.1960 -
ECUADOR 02.10.1956 (R) 02.01.1957 08.02.1961 (R) 08.05.1961
EGYPT [4] 17.08.1955 (R) 07.08.1956 17.08.1955 (R) 07.08.1956
ESTONIA 04.04.1995 (A) 04.07.1995 -
FEDERAL REPUBLIC
OF YUGOSLAVIA [4] 13.02.1956 (R) 07.08.1956 13.02.1956 (R) 07.08.1956
FINLAND 16.09.1994 (A) 16.12.1994 16.09.1994 (A) 16.12.1994
FRANCE 07.06.1957 (R) 07.09.1957 07.06.1957 (R) 07.09.1957
GABON 04.12.1961 (A) 04.03.1962 04.12.1961 (A) 04.03.1962
GEORGIA
(Republic of) [1] 04.11.1992 (S) Note 1 04.11.1992 (S) Note 1
GERMANY [6] 11.08.1967 (R) 11.11.1967 11.08.1967 (R) 11.11.1967
GHANA 25.07.1960 (A) 25.10.1960 25.07.1960 (A) 25.10.1960
GREECE 09.02.1981 (R) 09.05.1981 09.02.1981 (R) 09.05.1981
GUATEMALA 02.10.1985 (A) 02.01.1986 19.05.1994 (A) 19.08.1994
GUINEA 20.09.1960 (A) 20.12.1960 11.12.1961 (A) 11.03.1962
HOLY SEE 24.02.1958 (A) 24.05.1958 24.02.1958 (A) 24.05.1958
HUNGARY 17.05.1956 (R) 17.08.1956 16.08.1956 (A) 16.11.1956
INDIA 16.06.1958 (R) 16.09.1958 16.06.1958 (R) 16.09.1958
INDONESIA 10.01.1967 (R) 10.04.1967 26.07.1967 (R) 26.10.1967
IRAN (Islamic
Rep. of) 22.06.1959 (R) 22.09.1959 22.06.1959 (R) 22.09.1959
IRAQ 21.12.1967 (R) 21.03.1968 21.12.1967 (R) 21.03.1968
ISRAEL 03.10.1957 (R) 03.01.1958 01.04.1958 (A) 01.07.1958
ITALY 09.05.1958 (R) 09.08.1958 09.05.1958 (R) 09.08.1958
JORDAN 02.10.1957 (R) 02.01.1958 02.10.1957 (R) 02.01.1958
KUWAIT 06.06.1969 (A) 06.09.1969 11.02.1970 (A) 11.05.1970
KYRGHYZ REPUBLIC 03.07.1995 (A) 03.10.1995 - -
LEBANON 01.06.1960 (R) 01.09.1960 01.06.1960 (R) 01.09.1960
LIBYAN ARAB
JAMAHIRIYA 19.11.1957 (R) 19.02.1958 19.11.1957 (R) 19.02.1958
LIECHTENSTEIN 28.04.1960 (A) 28.07.1960 28.04.1960 (A) 28.07.1960
LUXEMBOURG 29.09.1961 (R) 29.12.1961 29.09.1961 (R) 29.12.1961
MADAGASCAR 03.11.1961 (A) 03.02.1962 03.11.1961 (A) 03.02.1962
MALAYSIA 12.12.1960 (A) 12.03.1961 12.12.1960 (A) 12.03.1961
MALI 18.05.1961 (A) 18.08.1961 18.05.1961 (A) 18.08.1961
MEXICO 07.05.1956 (R) 07.08.1956 07.05.1956 (R) 07.08.1956
MONACO 10.12.1957 (R) 10.03.1958 10.12.1957 (R) 10.03.1958
MONGOLIA 04.11.1964 (A) 04.02.1965 -
MOROCCO 30.08.1968 (A) 30.11.1968 30.08.1968 (A) 30.11.1968
MYANMAR [4] 10.02.1956 (R) 07.08.1956 10.02.1956 (R) 07.08.1956
NETHERLANDS 14.10.1958 (R) 14.01.1959 14.10.1958 (R) 14.01.1959
NICARAGUA 25.11.1959 (R) 25.02.1960 25.11.1959 (R) 25.02.1960
NIGER 06.12.1976 (A) 06.03.1977 06.12.1976 (A) 06.03.1977
NIGERIA 05.06.1961 (A) 05.09.1961 05.06.1961 (A) 05.09.1961
NORWAY 19.09.1961 (R) 19.12.1961 19.09.1961 (R) 19.12.1961
OMAN 26.10.1977 (A) 26.01.1978 -
PAKISTAN 27.03.1959 (A) 27.06.1959 27.03.1959 (A) 27.06.1959
PANAMA 17.07.1962 (A) 17.10.1962 -
PERU 21.07.1989 (A) 21.10.1989 21.07.1989 (A) 21.10.1989
POLAND 06.08.1956 (R) 06.11.1956 06.08.1956 (R) 06.11.1956
QATAR 31.07.1973 (A) 31.10.1973 -
ROMANIA 21.03.1958 (R) 21.06.1958 21.03.1958 (A) 21.06.1958
RUSSIAN
FEDERATION [6] 04.01.1957 (R) 04.04.1957 04.01.1957 (R) 04.04.1957
SAN MARINO [4] 09.02.1956 (R) 07.08.1956 09.02.1956 (R) 07.08.1956
SAUDI ARABIA 20.01.1971 (A) 20.04.1971 -
SENEGAL 17.06.1987 (A) 17.09.1987 17.06.1987 (A) 17.09.1987
SLOVAK REP. [3] 31.03.1993 (S) Note 3 31.03.1993 (S) Note 3
SLOVENIA
(Rep. of) [2] 05.11.1992 (S) Note 2 05.11.1992 (S) Note 2
SPAIN 07.07.1960 (R) 07.10.1960 26.06.1992 (A) 26.09.1992
SUDAN 23.07.1970 (A) 23.10.1970 -
SWEDEN 22.01.1985 (A) 22.04.1985 22.01.1985 (A) 22.04.1985
SWITZERLAND 15.05.1962 (A) 15.08.1962 15.05.1962 (A) 15.08.1962
SYRIAN ARAB REP. 06.03.1958 (R) 06.06.1958 06.03.1958 (R) 06.06.1958
TAJIKISTAN
(Rep. of) [1] 28.08.1992 (S) Note 1 28.08.1992 (S) Note 1
THAILAND 02.05.1958 (A) 02.08.1958 02.05.1958 (A) 02.08.1958
TUNISIA 28.01.1981 (A) 28.04.1981 28.01.1981 (A) 28.04.1981
TURKEY 15.12.1965 (A) 15.03.1966 15.12.1965 (A) 15.03.1966
UKRAINE 06.02.1957 (R) 06.05.1957 06.02.1957 (R) 06.05.1957
UNITED REP. OF
TANZANIA 23.09.1971 (A) 23.12.1971 -
UZBEKISTAN 21.02.1996 (A) 21.05.1996 21.02.1996 21.05.1996
YEMEN
(Rep. of) [7] 06.02.1970 (A) 06.05.1970 06.02.1970 (A) 06.05.1970
ZAIRE 18.04.1961 (A) 18.07.1961 18.07.1961 (A) 18.07.1961


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



en ook :

http://www.icomos.org/hague/hague.convention.html


Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict
Done at the Hague, 14 May 1954
Entered in force: 7 August 1956


Contents
Preamble
Chapter I. General provisions regarding protection
Article 1. Definition of cultural property
Article 2. Protection of cultural property
Article 3. Safeguarding of cultural property
Article 4. Respect for cultural property
Article 5. Occupation
Article 6. Distinctive marking of cultural property
Article 7. Military measures
Chapter II. Special Protection
Article 8. Granting of special protection
Article 9. Immunity of cultural property under special protection
Article 10. Identification and control
Article 11. Withdrawal of immunity

Chapter III. Transport of cultural property
Article 12. Transport under special protection
Article 13. Transport in urgent cases
Article 14. Immunity from seizure, capture and prize

Chapter IV. Personnel
Article 15. Personnel

Chapter V. The distinctive emblem
Article 16. Emblem of the convention
Article 17. Use of the emblem

Chapter VI. Scope of application of the Convention
Article 18. Application of the Convention
Article 19. Conflicts not of an international character

Chapter VII. Execution of the Convention
Article 20. Regulations for the execution of the convention
Article 21. Protecting powers
Article 22. Conciliation procedure
Article 23. Assistance of Unesco
Article 24. Special agreements
Article 25. Dissemination of the Convention
Article 26. Translations reports
Article 27. Meetings
Article 28. Sanctions

Final provisions
Article 29. Languages
Article 30. Signature
Article 31. Ratification
Article 32. Accession
Article 33. Entry into force
Article 34. Effective application
Article 35. Territorial extension of the Convention
Article 36. Relation to previous conventions
Article 37. Denunciation
Article 38. Notification
Article 39. Revision of the Convention and of the Regulations for its execution
Article 40. Registration

Regulations for the Execution of the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict
Protocol for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict




Preamble
The High Contracting Parties,

Recognizing that cultural property has suffered grave damage during recent armed conflicts and that, by reason of the developments in the technique of warfare, it is in increasing danger of destruction;

Being convinced that damage to cultural property belonging to any people whatsoever means damage to the cultural heritage of all mankind, since each people makes its contribution to the culture of the world;

Considering that the preservation of the cultural heritage is of great importance for all peoples of the world and that it is important that this heritage should receive international protection;

Guided by the principles concerning the protection of cultural property during armed conflict, as established in the Conventions of The Hague of 1899 and of 1907 and in the Washington Pact of 15 April, 1935;

Being of the opinion that such protection cannot be effective unless both national and international measures have been taken to organize it in time of peace;

Being determined to take all possible steps to protect cultural property;

Have agreed upon the following provisions:



CHAPTER I: GENERAL PROVISIONS REGARDING PROTECTION
Article 1. Definition of cultural property
For the purposes of the present Convention, the term "cultural property" shall cover, irrespective of origin or ownership:

(a)
movable or immovable property of great importance to the cultural heritage of every people, such as monuments of architecture, art or history, whether religious or secular; archaeological sites; groups of buildings which, as a whole, are of historical or artistic interest; works of art; manuscripts, books and other objects of artistic, historical or archaeological interest; as well as scientific collections and important collections of books or archives or of reproductions of the property defined above;
(b)
buildings whose main and effective purpose is to preserve or exhibit the movable cultural property defined in sub-paragraph (a) such as museums, large libraries and depositories of archives, and refuges intended to shelter, in the event of armed conflict, the movable cultural property defined in subparagraph (a);
(c)
centres containing a large amount of cultural property as defined in subparagraphs (a) and (b), to be known as "centres containing monuments".
Article 2. Protection of cultural property
For the purposes of the present Convention, the protection of cultural property shall comprise the safeguarding of and respect for such property.

Article 3. Safeguarding of cultural property

The High Contracting Parties undertake to prepare in time of peace for the safeguarding of cultural property situated within their own territory against the foreseeable effects of an armed conflict, by taking such measures as they consider appropriate.

Article 4. Respect for cultural property

1. The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect cultural property situated within their own territory as well as within the territory of other High Contracting Parties by refraining from any use of the property and its immediate surroundings or of the appliances in use for its protection for purposes which are likely to expose it to destruction or damage in the event of armed convict; and by refraining from any act of hostility directed against such property.

2. The obligations mentioned in paragraph 1 of the present Article may be waived only in cases where military necessity imperatively requires such a waiver.

3. The High Contracting Parties further undertake to prohibit, prevent and, if necessary, put a stop to any form of theft, pillage or misappropriation of, and any acts of vandalism directed against, cultural property. They shall refrain from requisitioning movable cultural property situated in the territory of another High Contracting Party.

4. They shall refrain from any act directed by way of reprisals against cultural property.

5. No High Contracting Party may evade the obligations incumbent upon it under the present Article, in respect of another High Contracting Party, by reason of the fact that the latter has not applied the measures of safeguard referred to in Article 3.

Article 5. Occupation

1. Any High Contracting Party in occupation of the whole or part of the territory of another High Contracting Party shall as far as possible support the competent national authorities of the occupied country in safeguarding and preserving its cultural property.

2. Should it prove necessary to take measures to preserve cultural property situated in occupied territory and damaged by military operations, and should the competent national authorities be unable to take such measures, the Occupying Power shall, as far as possible, and in close co-operation with such authorities, take the most necessary measures of preservation.

3. Any High Contracting Party whose government is considered their legitimate government by members of a resistance movement, shall, if possible, draw their attention to the obligation to comply with those provisions of the Convention dealing with respect for cultural property.

Article 6. Distinctive marking of cultural property

In accordance with the provisions of Article 16, cultural property may bear a distinctive emblem so as to facilitate its recognition.

Article 7. Military measures

1. The High Contracting Parties undertake to introduce in time of peace into their military regulations or instructions such provisions as may ensure observance of the present Convention, and to foster in the members of their armed forces a spirit of respect for the culture and cultural property of all peoples.

2. The High Contracting Parties undertake to plan or establish in peacetime, within their armed forces, services or specialist personnel whose purpose will be to secure respect for cultural property and to co-operate with the civilian authorities responsible for safeguarding it.




CHAPTER II: SPECIAL PROTECTION
Article 8. Granting of special protection
1. There may be placed under special protection a limited number of refuges intended to shelter movable cultural property in the event of armed conflict, of centres containing monuments and other immovable cultural property of very great importance, provided that they:

(a)
are situated at an adequate distance from any large industrial centre or from any important military objective constituting a vulnerable point, such as, for example, an aerodrome, broadcasting station, establishment engaged upon work of national defense, a port or railway station of relative importance or a main line of communication;
(b)
are not used for military purposes.
2. A refuge for movable cultural property may also be placed under special protection, whatever its location, if it is so constructed that, in all probability, it will not be damaged by bombs.

3. A centre containing monuments shall be deemed to be used for military purposes whenever it is used for the movement of military personnel or material, even in transit. The same shall apply whenever activities directly connected with military operations, the stationing of military personnel, or the production of war material are carried on within the centre.

4. The guarding of cultural property mentioned in paragraph 1 above by armed custodians specially empowered to do so, or the presence, in the vicinity of such cultural property, of police forces normally responsible for the maintenance of public order shall not be deemed to be use for military purposes.

5. If any cultural property mentioned in paragraph 1 of the present Article is situated near an important military objective as defined in the said paragraph, it may nevertheless be placed under special protection if the High Contracting Party asking for that protection undertakes, in the event of armed conflict, to make no use of the objective and particularly, in the case of a port, railway station or aerodrome, to divert all traffic therefrom. In that event, such diversion shall be prepared in time of peace.

6. Special protection is granted to cultural property by its entry in the "International Register of Cultural Property under Special Protection". This entry shall only be made, in accordance with the provisions of the present Convention and under the conditions provided for in the Regulations for the execution of the Convention.

Article 9. Immunity of cultural property under special protection

The High Contracting Parties undertake to ensure the immunity of cultural property under special protection by refraining, from the time of entry in the International Register, from any act of hostility directed against such property and, except for the cases provided for in paragraph 5 of Article 8, from any use of such property or its surroundings for military purposes.

Article 10. Identification and control

During an armed conflict, cultural property under special protection shall be marked with the distinctive emblem described in Article 16, and shall be open to international control as provided for in the Regulations for the execution of the Convention.

Article 11. Withdrawal of immunity

1. If one of the High Contracting Parties commits, in respect of any item of cultural property under special protection, a violation of the obligations under Article 9, the opposing Party shall, so long as this violation persists, be released from the obligation to ensure the immunity of the property concerned. Nevertheless, whenever possible, the latter Party shall first request the cessation of such violation within a reasonable time.

2. Apart from the case provided for in paragraph 1 of the present Article, immunity shall be withdrawn from cultural property under special protection only in exceptional cases of unavoidable military necessity, and only for such time as that necessity continues. Such necessity can be established only by the officer commanding a force the equivalent of a division in size or larger. Whenever circumstances permit, the opposing Party shall be notified, a reasonable time in advance, of the decision to withdraw immunity.

3. The Party withdrawing immunity shall, as soon as possible, so inform the Commissioner-General for cultural property provided for in the Regulations for the execution of the Convention, in writing, stating the reasons.



CHAPTER III: TRANSPORT OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Article 12. Transport under special protection
1. Transport exclusively engaged in the transfer of cultural property, whether within a territory or to another territory, may, at the request of the High Contracting Party concerned, take place under special protection in accordance with the conditions specified in the Regulations for the execution of the Convention.

2. Transport under special protection shall take plate under the international supervision provided for in the aforesaid Regulations and shall display the distinctive emblem described in Article 16.

3. The High Contracting Parties shall refrain from any act of hostility directed against transport under special protection.

Article 13. Transport in urgent cases

1. If a High Contracting Party considers that the safety of certain cultural property requires its transfer and that the matter is of such urgency that the procedure laid down in Article 12 cannot be followed, especially at the beginning of an armed conflict, the transport may display the distinctive emblem described in Article 16, provided that an application for immunity referred to in Article 12 has not already been made and refused. As far as possible, notification of transfer should be made to the opposing Parties. Nevertheless, transport conveying cultural property to the territory of another country may not display the distinctive emblem unless immunity has been expressly granted to it.

2. The High Contracting Parties shall take, so far as possible, the necessary precautions to avoid acts of hostility directed against the transport described in paragraph 1 of the present Article and displaying the distinctive emblem.

Article 14. Immunity from seizure, capture and prize

1. Immunity from seizure, placing in prize, or capture shall be granted to:

(a)
cultural property enjoying the protection provided for in Article 12 or that provided for in Article 13;
(b)
the means of transport exclusively engaged in the transfer of such cultural property.
2. Nothing in the present Article shall limit the right of visit and search.


CHAPTER IV: PERSONNEL
Article 15. Personnel
As far as is consistent with the interests of security, personnel engaged in the protection of cultural property shall, in the interests of such property, be respected and, if they fall into the hands of the opposing Party, shall be allowed to continue to carry out their duties whenever the cultural property for which they are responsible has also fallen into the hands of the opposing Party.



CHAPTER V: THE DISTINCTIVE EMBLEM
Article 16. Emblem of the convention
1. The distinctive emblem of the Convention shall take the form of a shield, pointed below, per saltire blue and white (a shield consisting of a royal blue square, one of the angles of which forms the point of the shield, and of a royal-blue triangle above the square, the space on either side being taken up by a white triangle).

2. The emblem shall be used alone, or repeated three times in a triangular formation (one shield below), under the conditions provided for in Article 17.


Article 17. Use of the emblem

1. The distinctive emblem repeated three times may be used only as means of identification of:

immovable cultural property under special protection;

the transport of cultural property under the conditions provided for in Articles 12 and 13;

improvised refuges, under the conditions provided for in the Regulations for the execution of the Convention.
2. The distinctive emblem may be used alone only as a means of identification of:

cultural property not under special protection;

the persons responsible for the duties of control in accordance with the Regulations for the execution of the Convention;

the personnel engaged in the protection of cultural property;

the identity cards mentioned in the Regulations for the execution of the Convention.
3. During an armed conflict, the use of the distinctive emblem in any other cases than those mentioned in the preceding paragraphs of the present Article, and the use for any purpose whatever of a sign resembling the distinctive emblem, shall be forbidden.

4. The distinctive emblem may not be placed on any immovable cultural property unless at the same time there is displayed an authorization duly dated and signed by the competent authority of the High Contracting Party.





CHAPTER VI: SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION
Article 18. Application of the convention
1. Apart from the provisions which shall take effect in time of peace, the present Convention shall apply in the event of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war is not recognized by one or more of them.

2. The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a High Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance.

3. If one of the Powers in conflict is not a Party to the present Convention, the Powers which are Parties thereto shall nevertheless remain bound by it in their mutual relations. They shall furthermore be bound by the Convention, in relation to the said Power, if the latter has declared that it accepts the provisions thereof and so long as it applies them.

Article 19. Conflicts not of an international character

1. In the event of an armed conflict not of an international character occurring within the territory of one of the High Contracting Parties, each party to the conflict shall be bound to apply, as a minimum, the provisions of the present Convention which relate to respect for cultural property.

2. The parties to the conflict shall endeavor to bring into force, by means of special agreements, all or part of the other provisions of the present Convention.

3. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization may offer its services to the parties to the conflict.

4. The application of the preceding provisions shall not affect the legal status of the parties to the conflict.



CHAPTER VII: EXECUTION OF THE CONVENTION
Article 20. Regulations for the execution of the convention
The procedure by which the present Convention is to be applied is defined in the Regulations for its execution, which constitute an integral part thereof.

Article 21. Protecting powers

The present Convention and the Regulations for its execution shall be applied with the co-operation of the Protecting Powers responsible for safeguarding the interests of the Parties to the conflict.

Article 22. Conciliation procedure

1. The Protecting Powers shall lend their good offices in all cases where they may deem it useful in the interests of cultural property, particularly if there is disagreement between the Parties to the conflict as to the application or interpretation of the provisions of the present Convention or the Regulations for its execution.

2. For this purpose, each of the Protecting Powers may, either at the invitation of one Party, of the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, or on its own initiative, propose to the Parties to the conflict a meeting of their representatives, and in particular of the authorities responsible for the protection of cultural property, if considered appropriate on suitably chosen neutral territory. The Parties to the conflict shall be bound to give effect to the proposals for meeting made to them. The Protecting Powers shall propose for approval by the Parties to the conflict a person belonging to a neutral Power or a person presented by the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which person shall be invited to take part in such a meeting in the capacity of Chairman.

Article 23. Assistance of Unesco

1. The High Contracting Parties may call upon the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization for technical assistance in organizing the protection of their cultural property, or in connexion with any other problem arising out of the application of the present Convention or the Regulations for its execution. The Organization shall accord such assistance within the limits fixed by its programme and by its resources.

2. The Organization is authorized to make, on its own initiative, proposals on this matter to the High Contracting Parties.

Article 24. Special agreements

1. The High Contracting Parties may conclude special agreements for all matters concerning which they deem it suitable to make separate provision.

2. No special agreement may be concluded which would diminish the protection afforded by this present Convention to cultural property and to the personnel engaged in its protection.

Article 25. Dissemination of the convention

The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of armed conflict, to disseminate the text of the present Convention and the Regulations for its execution as widely as possible in their respective countries. They undertake, in particular, to include the study thereof in their programmes of military and, if possible, civilian training, so that its principles are made known to the whole population, especially the armed forces and personnel engaged in the protection of cultural property.

Article 26. Translations, reports

1. The High Contracting Parties shall communicate to one another, through the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the official translations of the present Convention and of the Regulations for its execution.

2. Furthermore, at least once every four years, they shall forward to the Director-General a report giving whatever information they think suitable concerning any measures being taken, prepared or contemplated by their respective administrations in fulfillment of the present Convention and of the Regulations for its execution.

Article 27. Meetings

1. The Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization may, with the approval of the Executive Board, convene meetings of representatives of the High Contracting Parties. He must convene such a meeting if at least one-fifth of the High Contracting Parties so request.

2. Without prejudice to any other functions which have been conferred on it by the present Convention or the Regulations for its execution, the purpose of the meeting will be to study problems concerning the application of the Convention and of the Regulations for its execution, and to formulate recommendations in respect thereof.

3. The meeting may further undertake a revision of the Convention or the Regulations for its execution if the majority of the High Contracting Parties are represented, and in accordance with the provisions of Article 39.

Article 28. Sanctions

The High Contracting Parties undertake to take, within the framework of their ordinary criminal jurisdiction, all necessary steps to prosecute and impose penal or disciplinary sanctions upon those persons, of whatever nationality, who commit or order to be committed a breach of the present Convention.



FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 29. Languages
1. The present Convention is drawn up in English, French, Russian and Spanish, the four texts being equally authoritative.

2. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization shall arrange for translations of the Convention into the other official languages of its General Conference.

Article 30. Signature

The present Convention shall bear the date of 14 May, 1954 and, until the date of 31 December, 1954, shall remain open for signature by all States invited to the Conference which met at The Hague from 21 April, 1954 to 14 May, 1954.

Article 31. Ratification

1. The present Convention shall be subject to ratification by signatory States in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures.

2. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Article 32. Accession

From the date of its entry into force, the present Convention shall be open for accession by all States mentioned in Article 30 which have not signed it, as well as any other State invited to accede by the Executive Board of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Article 33. Entry into force

1. The present Convention shall enter into force three months after five instruments of ratification have been deposited.

2. Thereafter, it shall enter into force, for each High Contracting Party, three months after the deposit of its instrument of ratification or accession.

3. The situations referred to in Articles 18 and 19 shall give immediate effect to ratifications or accessions deposited by the Parties to the conflict either before or after the beginning of hostilities or occupation. In such cases the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization shall transmit the communications referred to in Article 38 by the speediest method.

Article 34. Effective application

1. Each State Party to the Convention on the date of its entry into force shall take all necessary measures to ensure its effective application within a period of six months after such entry into force.

2. This period shall be six months from the date of deposit of the instruments of ratification or accession for any State which deposits its instrument of ratification or accession after the date of the entry into force of the Convention.

Article 35. Territorial extension of the convention

Any High Contracting Party may, at the time of ratification or accession, or at any time thereafter, declare by notification addressed to the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, that the present Convention shall extend to all or any of the territories for whose international relations it is responsible. The said notification shall take effect three months after the date of its receipt.

Article 36. Relation to previous conventions

1. In the relations between Powers which are bound by the Conventions of The Hague concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land (IV) and concerning Naval Bombardment in Time of War (IX), whether those of 29 July, 1899 or those of 18 October, 1907, and which are Parties to the present Convention, this last Convention shall be supplementary to the aforementioned Convention (IX) and to the Regulations annexed to the aforementioned Convention (IV) and shall substitute for the emblem described in Article 5 of the aforementioned Convention (IX) the emblem described in Article 16 of the present Convention, in cases in which the present Convention and the Regulations for its execution provide for the use of this distinctive emblem.

2. In the relations between Powers which are bound by the Washington Pact of 15 April, 1935 for the Protection of Artistic and Scientific Institutions and of Historic Monuments (Roerich Pact) and which are Parties to the present Convention, the latter Convention shall be supplementary to the Roerich Pact and shall substitute for the distinguishing flag described in Article III of the Pact the emblem defined in Article 16 of the present Convention, in cases in which the present Convention and the Regulations for its execution provide for the use of this distinctive emblem.

Article 37. Denunciation

1. Each High Contracting Party may denounce the present Convention, on its own behalf, or on behalf of any territory for whose international relations it is responsible.

2. The denunciation shall be notified by an instrument in writing, deposited with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

3. The denunciation shall take effect one year after the receipt of the instrument of denunciation. However, if, on the expiry of this period, the denouncing Party is involved in an armed conflict, the denunciation shall not take effect until the end of hostilities, or until the operations of repatriating cultural property are completed, whichever is the later.

Article 38. Notifications

The Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization shall inform the States referred to in Articles 30 and 32, as well as the United Nations, of the deposit of all the instruments of ratification, accession or acceptance provided for in Articles 31, 32 and 39 and of the notifications and denunciations provided for respectively in Articles 35, 37 and 39.

Article 39. Revision of the convention and of the regulations for its execution

1. Any High Contracting Party may propose amendments to the present Convention or the Regulations for its execution. The text of any proposed amendment shall be communicated to the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization who shall transmit it to each High Contracting Party with the request that such Party reply within four months stating whether it:

(a)
desires that a Conference be convened to consider the proposed amendment;
(b)
favours the acceptance of the proposed amendment without a Conference; or
(c)
favours the rejection of the proposed amendment without a Conference.
2. The Director-General shall transmit the replies, received under paragraph 1 of the present Article, to all High Contracting Parties.
3. If all the High Contracting Parties which have, within the prescribed time-limit, stated their views to the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, pursuant to paragraph 1 (b) of this Article, inform him that they favour acceptance of the amendment without a Conference, notification of their decision shall be made by the Director-General in accordance with Article 38. The amendment shall become effective for all the High Contracting Parties on the expiry of ninety days from the date of such notification.

4. The Director-General shall convene a Conference of the High Contracting Parties to consider the proposed amendment if requested to do so by more than one-third of the High Contracting Parties.

5. Amendments to the Convention or to the Regulations for its execution, dealt with under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, shall enter into force only after they have been unanimously adopted by the High Contracting Parties represented at the Conference and accepted by each of the High Contracting Parties.

6. Acceptance by the High Contracting Parties of amendments to the Convention or to the Regulations for its execution, which have been adopted by the Conference mentioned in paragraphs 4 and 5, shall be effected by the deposit of a formal instrument with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

7. After the entry into force of amendments to the present Convention or to the Regulations for its execution, only the text of the Convention or of the Regulations for its execution thus amended shall remain open for ratification or accession.

Article 40. Registration

In accordance with Article 102 of the Contents

[democratsteve]

Voila. Ik heb niet Darwins' tweede posting gelezen, maar op die lijst was de US dus wel degelijk niet te vinden.
Weet je meteen waarom de US geen "damn" geven om die kunstschatten.
Zoiets heeft voor de VS namelijk geen "waarde".
olie daarentegen......

[TomB]

Powel is de enige politieker die hierover een uitspraak deed. Hij meldde dat dit een onvoorstelbaar verlies voor de mensheid was.

Inmiddels is het leger bijgedraaid en bewaken ze nu al een pak meer plaatsen.

Poor planning en een zeer tragedisch gegeven

[TomB]

WASHINGTON (AP) - The FBI announced Thursday that it had sent agents to Iraq to assist in recovering antiquities stolen from museums by looters.

"We are firmly committed to doing whatever we can to secure these treasures to the people of Iraq," FBI Director Robert Mueller told a news conference at the Justice Department.

He said the agents would "assist with criminal investigations" and with the recovery of stolen items.

Mueller also said the FBI was cooperating with the international law enforcement organization Interpol in issuing alerts to all member nations to try to track any sales of the artifacts "on both the open and black markets."


Mueller declined to say how many agents had been sent.

He said that agents in the United States were poring over documents captured by U.S.-led forces in Iraq, including those from a compound controlled by an extremist Islamic group.

Attorney General John Ashcroft told the same news conference that the FBI had completed wartime interviews with nearly 10,000 Iraqis living in the United States.

"Cooperation of the Iraqi-American people was essential to safeguard this nation," Ashcroft said. Mueller said that as a result of the interviews, 250 reports containing pertinent information were sent to the U.S. military.

The FBI director said the reports included information helpful "in locating weapons production and storage facilities, underground bunkers, fiber optic networks, and Iraqi detention and interrogation facilities."

Ashcroft said that action had been taken against six Iraqis known to be officials of the Iraqi intelligence service. Five of them had diplomatic status and were expelled. The sixth, the son of a former diplomat, was arrested.

With the war winding down, Ashcroft and Mueller gave an update on their activities.

They noted that there have been no major terror attacks within the United States since Sept. 11, 2001, despite heightened concerns during the war with Iraq.

Still, Ashcroft said, "We know that a significant terrorist threat persists," and said authorities would remain vigilant.

Among the concerns are other forms of potential terror, including those from anti-government and right wing extremists who could commit their own acts of terror, Justice Department officials said.

In its latest bulletin to state and local law enforcement officials Thursday, the FBI noted that April 19 marks the 10th anniversary of the government raid on the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, in which nearly 80 people died as the compound burned to the ground.

The FBI bulletin, which goes to 18,000 law enforcement and government agencies, contains no specific threat because of the anniversary. But it does note that U.S. extremist groups have in the past used anniversaries such as Waco to stage terrorist attacks.

Timothy McVeigh chose the Waco anniversary to bomb the federal building in Oklahoma City in 1995, for example.

Allez, ze gaan toch proberen om er nog het beste van te maken...

[Darwin]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door TomB

WASHINGTON (AP) - The FBI announced Thursday that it had sent agents to Iraq to assist in recovering antiquities stolen from museums by looters.

"We are firmly committed to doing whatever we can to secure these treasures to the people of Iraq," FBI Director Robert Mueller told a news conference at the Justice Department.

He said the agents would "assist with criminal investigations" and with the recovery of stolen items.

Mueller also said the FBI was cooperating with the international law enforcement organization Interpol in issuing alerts to all member nations to try to track any sales of the artifacts "on both the open and black markets."


Mueller declined to say how many agents had been sent.

He said that agents in the United States were poring over documents captured by U.S.-led forces in Iraq, including those from a compound controlled by an extremist Islamic group.

Attorney General John Ashcroft told the same news conference that the FBI had completed wartime interviews with nearly 10,000 Iraqis living in the United States.

"Cooperation of the Iraqi-American people was essential to safeguard this nation," Ashcroft said. Mueller said that as a result of the interviews, 250 reports containing pertinent information were sent to the U.S. military.

The FBI director said the reports included information helpful "in locating weapons production and storage facilities, underground bunkers, fiber optic networks, and Iraqi detention and interrogation facilities."

Ashcroft said that action had been taken against six Iraqis known to be officials of the Iraqi intelligence service. Five of them had diplomatic status and were expelled. The sixth, the son of a former diplomat, was arrested.

With the war winding down, Ashcroft and Mueller gave an update on their activities.

They noted that there have been no major terror attacks within the United States since Sept. 11, 2001, despite heightened concerns during the war with Iraq.

Still, Ashcroft said, "We know that a significant terrorist threat persists," and said authorities would remain vigilant.

Among the concerns are other forms of potential terror, including those from anti-government and right wing extremists who could commit their own acts of terror, Justice Department officials said.

In its latest bulletin to state and local law enforcement officials Thursday, the FBI noted that April 19 marks the 10th anniversary of the government raid on the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, in which nearly 80 people died as the compound burned to the ground.

The FBI bulletin, which goes to 18,000 law enforcement and government agencies, contains no specific threat because of the anniversary. But it does note that U.S. extremist groups have in the past used anniversaries such as Waco to stage terrorist attacks.

Timothy McVeigh chose the Waco anniversary to bomb the federal building in Oklahoma City in 1995, for example.

Allez, ze gaan toch proberen om er nog het beste van te maken...

Ik heb die twee daarjuist -tussen Femi en Monita door- bezig gezien in een lange en interessante uiteenzetting in het "DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE".

Maar wat den baas van het FBI daar zei leek me meer op een soort schaamlapje. Een kleine anecdote na de hele uitleg over hoe goed de Amerikanen toch wel samenwerkten met de naar Amerika gevluchte Iraqi's die geïnterviewd werden volgens alle regels van het internationaal recht etc. etc.


In plaats van :

"We are firmly committed to doing whatever we can to secure these treasures to the people of Iraq"

Was het beter geweest als hij had kunnen zeggen :

"We have been and still are firmly committed to doing whatever we can to secure these treasures to Mankind"


Dan was er helemaal geen "recovery of stolen items" nodig geweest.

[Jan van den Berghe]

Volgende werd me vandaag doorgestuurd:

http://www.reseauvoltaire.net/article9534.html

[Darwin]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Jan van den Berghe

Volgende werd me vandaag doorgestuurd:

http://www.reseauvoltaire.net/article9534.html

Zelfs CNN kan er nu ook niet meer omheen :



[size=6]Antiquities experts: Some looting was 'commissioned'
Experts call for ban on export of Iraqi cultural objects[/size]
Friday, April 18, 2003 Posted: 1:30 AM EDT (0530 GMT)


PARIS, France (CNN) -- A panel of antiquities experts said Thursday it suspected some of the recent looting of Iraqi museums had been "commissioned" by collectors who had anticipated the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime.

In addition, the panel of 30 scholars called for an immediate ban on the export of Iraqi antiques and historical objects.

They called for a crackdown on collectors, saying they suspect many of the stolen articles could end up in the United States.

The call was issued the same day that the FBI announced agents are being sent to Iraq to assist with criminal investigations against people who looted museums and other sites.

FBI Director Robert Mueller told a news briefing Thursday that the FBI also is assisting in the recovery of stolen items, and the United States has issued Interpol alerts to all nations regarding artifacts that may be sold on open or black markets. (Full story)

The experts on Iraqi antiquities, who met at the headquarters for the U.N. Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization in Paris, France, recommended a fact-finding mission should be dispatched to Baghdad immediately to determine the extent of the recent looting and pillaging of Iraqi cultural institutions, including the Iraqi National Museum in Baghdad.

The group said there were two kinds of looting in Iraq -- simple vandalism and organized thefts that were planned in anticipation of the fall of Saddam's regime.

While the panel members said they had no proof, they suspected some of the looting was "commissioned theft" in which collectors arranged for precious items to be stolen for a fee. They noted thieves had keys to vaults inside the Iraqi National Museum.

The scholars called on the United States to take full responsibility for safekeeping what cultural treasures are left, saying any further looting of Iraq's cultural treasures would be "totally inexcusable."

The scholars again blamed the United States military for ignoring repeated warnings that looting would take place.

McGuire Gibson, a professor at the University of Chicago, said that from January onward he had warned the Pentagon that looting was a real possibility and had urged special measures to prevent it.

"I was dreading it, and when I saw it, you just are totally devastated. Then I got very angry about the whole thing," said Gibson. "It should not have happened. It need not have happened."

Another panel member said, "It would only have taken one tank in front of the National Museum to stop it."

The U.S. Central Command in Doha, Qatar, said that when U.S. troops initially entered Baghdad, fighting did not permit troops to be deployed to protect the museums and libraries.

Brig. Gen. Vincent Brooks, the Central Command spokesman, admitted the military underestimated the extent Iraqis were willing to loot their own cultural treasures.

The United States has received widespread criticism in Europe, as well as in Iraq, for having taken steps to protect Iraqi oil fields but failing to take similar steps to protect the museums in Baghdad that house treasures dating back thousands of years.

The destruction, damage and theft of artifacts took place "notably" in Baghdad, Mosul and Tikrit, the agency said.

"Nearly 20 centuries of written history of mankind are in danger. Everything must be done to protect them from looting and destruction," Koïchiro Matsuura, director-general of UNESCO, said.

"Measures must be taken to protect governmental records that are held by archives, since they are vital for the functioning of public administration after the war, for example, to protect the legal, financial and contractual rights of Iraqi citizens."

CNN's Jim Bittermann contributed to this report.


http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe...cts/index.html

[Calle]

Het is nog erger als je weet dat het ministerie van olie wel werd bewaakt.

Dat kan wel, maar musea of nutsdiensten terug in orde brengen kan niet .

Ze waren er nochtans snel bij om de oliebranden te blussen.