Linkse ratten promoten druggebruik tijdens "Blow-in"

[Geertje]

Als je sommigen hun commentaar leest, kan je niet anders concluderen dan dat drugs zoniet het lichaam aantast dan toch de hersenen serieus aantast.

[jan hyoens]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Raf

Sukkelaar...

[Raf]

Even proberen deze thread - ondanks de scheldtirades van onze rechtse forumvrienden - terug op het juiste spoor te krijgen...

Op basis van de wetenschappelijke literatuur moeten we stellen dat de gezondheidsrisico's van cannabisgebruik eerder beperkt zijn en voornamelijk te maken hebben met de manier waarop cannabis wordt gebruikt (roken).

Toch zien we bij een kleine groep met meestal een verhoogde maatschappelijke en psychische kwetsbaarheid, problemen ontstaan waarbij de gezondheid en de levenskwaliteit van henzelf of van hun omgeving ernstig wordt geschaad. Voor deze groep zijn vroegdetectie en een aangepast hulpverleningsaanbod nodig om problemen in een zo vroeg mogelijk stadium aan te pakken.

In de praktijk stellen we een grote kloof vast tussen de waarden en opvattingen van jongeren (tolerantie) en die van volwassenen (angst en onmacht) over het gebruik van cannabis. Dit bemoeilijkt de dialoog tussen jongeren en opvoeders en staat een effectieve preventie van probleemgedrag in de weg. Er zijn inspanningen nodig om deze kloof te dichten en om de communicatie over cannabis en druggebruik in het algemeen te stimuleren. Dit moet gebeuren op basis van correcte en objectieve informatie, gekaderd in een pedagogische en globale, preventieve aanpak en weg van sensatie en stemmingmakerij.

Risico's van cannabisgebruik

• Toxiciteit
In laboratoriumsituaties heeft men in verhouding minimaal 5000 maal het equivalent nodig van de dosis die een doorsnee cannabisgebruiker neemt om een proefdier (rat, muis, hond of aap) te laten overlijden aan een overdosis THC. Geen enkel overlijden bij de mens kan rechtstreeks worden toegeschreven aan een overdosis THC.
Wat betreft andere schade die het gebruik van THC zou kunnen veroorzaken, bestaat een reeks onderzoeken waaruit blijkt dat THC en andere cannabinoïden een erg veilig middel is, zowel bij acuut als bij langdurig gebruik.

• Psychische stoornissen
Bij inname van een hoge dosis cannabis zijn, eerder uitzonderlijk en vooral in geval van orale inname, angst- en paniekreacties en hallucinaties mogelijk. Deze toestand kan enkele uren aanhouden en wordt in de literatuur een cannabispsychose genoemd. Ze gaat vanzelf weer over naarmate de actieve stof weer uit het lichaam verdwijnt. Zelfs in ernstige gevallen heeft deze psychose een goede prognose. Een gelijkaardige fenomeen kan eveneens voorkomen bij inname van andere psychotrope stoffen. Voor alle psychoactieve middelen geldt dat mensen met een psychiatrisch verleden extra gevoelig zijn voor een dergelijke acute psychose.
Epidemiologische studies tonen aan dat cannabisgebruik geen langdurige psychose veroorzaakt. Nochtans kan het gebruik van cannabis de symptomen van een (latent) aanwezige psychose oproepen of versterken en zelfs de werking tegengaan van de medicatie, waarmee de psychose wordt behandeld.


• Specifieke risico's gerelateerd aan het roken van cannabis
Het grootste gezondheidsrisico van cannabisgebruik hangt samen met het inhaleren van de rook zelf. De rook van een gewone sigaret en een joint pure marihuana heeft - met uitzondering van nicotine en cannabinoïden - ongeveer dezelfde samenstelling, waaronder erg schadelijke stoffen, zoals koolstofmonoxide, teer en een reeks bekende carcinogene stoffen. Door een diepere inhalatie dan bij het roken van gewone sigaretten (en het inhouden van de adem (vanuit het onjuiste geloof dat dit de THC-opname in de longen verhoogt), krijgt een cannabisgebruiker tot vijfmaal meer teer in de longen en kent hij een vijfmaal hogere opname van koolstofmonoxide. Het gecombineerd gebruik van tabak en marihuana houdt bovendien een gecumuleerd risico in voor de gezondheid.

Uit onderzoek blijkt dat iemand die drie �* vier joints per dag rookt, een even grote kans loopt om chronische bronchitis te ontwikkelen dan iemand die meer dan twintig sigaretten per dag rookt, maar dat diezelfde cannabisgebruiker minder risico loopt om astma of longemfyseem te ontwikkelen dan de sigarettenroker. Tot nog toe kon epidemiologisch nog geen causaal verband worden aangetoond tussen cannabis roken en longkanker. Dit heeft onder meer te maken met de zeer lange periode vooraleer longkanker zich ontwikkelt en met methodologische problemen bij de samenstelling van een onderzoekspopulatie. Bovendien is de kans dat een roker longkanker ontwikkelt in grotere mate afhankelijk van de duur van de periode dat hij rookte dan van het aantal sigaretten dat hij elke dag rookte. Het roken van cannabis is nog maar sinds een relatief beperkte tijd verspreid in West-Europa, zodat het nog te vroeg is om een link te kunnen leggen met longkanker. Er bestaan wel al onderzoeken die aantonen dat cannabisrokers meer vatbaar zijn voor longinfecties. Door extrapolatie van de onderzoeken met betrekking tot het roken van tabak naar het roken van cannabis kan men verwachten dat wanneer iemand slechts gedurende een beperkte periode occasioneel cannabis rookt, dit geen verhoogd risico op longkanker met zich meebrengt.

Bron

Via deze link zijn nog heel wat interessante gegevens over cannabis te lezen.

[Bhairav]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Geertje

Als je sommigen hun commentaar leest, kan je niet anders concluderen dan dat drugs zoniet het lichaam aantast dan toch de hersenen serieus aantast.

Dat zijn gewoon denkpistes die uw hersens niet aankunnen. Die van ons wel, zelfs zonder blowen.

[jan hyoens]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Raf

Even proberen deze thread - ondanks de scheldtirades van onze rechtse forumvrienden - terug op het juiste spoor te krijgen...


Bron

Via deze link zijn nog heel wat interessante gegevens over cannabis te lezen.

en na de pseudo-wetenschapelijke leugens de feiten:

[size=4]Marijuana and Teens: Fact Sheet

[/size]Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug among America's youth.1 Among kids who use drugs, approximately 60 percent use marijuana only.2 Of the 14.6 million past month marijuana users in 2002, about one third, or 4.8 million persons, used it on 20 or more days in the past month.3

Between 1991 and 2001, the percentage of 8th graders who used marijuana doubled from one in ten to one in five.4 From 2001 to 2003, current marijuana use declined 11 percent. This is the first decline in youth drug use of such a magnitude in more than a decade.5 Kids are using marijuana at an earlier age. In the late 1960s fewer than half of those using marijuana for the first time were under 18. By 2001, about two-thirds (67 percent) of marijuana users were younger than 18.6

Marijuana is Addictive

• Research has now established that marijuana is addictive.7 Each year, more teens enter treatment with a primary diagnosis of marijuana dependence than for all other illicit drugs combined.8 Sixty percent of teens admitted to drug treatment cite marijuana as their primary substance of abuse.9
  
• Research also shows that marijuana use is three times more likely to lead to dependence among adolescents than among adults.10
  
• Research indicates that the earlier kids start using marijuana, the more likely they are to become dependent on this or other illicit drugs later in life.11
  
• The proportion of admissions for primary marijuana abuse increased from 6 percent in 1992 to 15 percent of admission to treatment in 2000. Almost half (46 percent) of the people admitted for marijuana were under 20 years old. Of those admitted for treatment for primary marijuana dependence, 56 percent had first used the drug by age 14, and 26 percent had begun by age 12.12
  

Marijuana Hurts Young Bodies and Minds

• The brain. Smoking marijuana leads to some changes in the brain similar to those caused by cocaine, heroin and alcohol.13
  
• Lung damage. Regular marijuana users often develop breathing problems including chronic coughing and wheezing. Marijuana contains the same cancer-causing chemicals as tobacco. The amount of tar inhaled by marijuana smokers and the level of carbon monoxide absorbed by those who smoke marijuana, regardless of THC content, are three to five times greater than among tobacco smokers.14
  
• Mental health. For young users, marijuana can lead to increased anxiety, panic attacks, depression and other mental health problems.15 For those already prone to depression or anxiety attacks, marijuana use may accelerate or exacerbate problems.
  

Marijuana Affects Learning and Academic Achievement

• Researchers have found that heavy marijuana use impairs the ability of young people to concentrate and retain information.16 Regular marijuana use has been shown to be associated with cognitive deficits17 and poor academic performance.18 This may be especially problematic during teens' peak learning years, when their brains are still developing.
  
• One study found an association between an increase in adolescent marijuana use and a decrease in the likelihood of attaining at least a high school education.19
  
• Research found that youths with an average grade of "D" or below were more than four times as likely to have used marijuana in the past year as youths who reported an average grade of "A."20
  
• Students who have smoked marijuana within the past year are more than twice as likely to cut class than those who did not smoke, while health problems associated with using marijuana can keep students from attending school due to illness.21
  

Marijuana Linked to Risky Behaviors

• Research shows that kids who use marijuana in early adolescence are more likely to engage in risky behaviors that may put their futures in jeopardy, such delinquency; having multiple sexual partners; perceiving drugs as not harmful; and having more friends who exhibit deviant behavior.22
  
• According to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, adolescents age 12 to 17 who use marijuana weekly are nine times more likely than non-users to experiment with other illegal drugs or alcohol, five times more likely to steal and nearly four times more likely to engage in violence.23
  
• Despite popular notions, research has shown a link between frequent marijuana use and increased violent behavior.24 Research found that among youth, the incidence of physically attacking people, destroying property and stealing increased in proportion to the number of days marijuana was smoked in the past year.25
  
• In 2002, approximately 21 percent of youths (5 million) engaged in serious fighting at school or work, almost 16 percent (4 million) took part in a group-against-group fight, and almost 8 percent (2 million) attacked someone with the intent to seriously hurt them during the past year. Nearly 5 percent of youths (1.2 million) stole or tried to steal something worth more than $50, more than 4 percent (1.1 million) sold illegal drugs, and more than 3 percent (800,000) carried a handgun during the past year. The percentages of youths engaging in delinquent behaviors in the past year rose with increasing frequency of marijuana use.26
  

Marijuana Impairs Driving

• Marijuana affects alertness, concentration, perception, coordination and reaction time, many of the skills required for safe driving and other tasks. These effects can last several hours after smoking marijuana. Marijuana use can also make it difficult to judge distances and react to signals and sounds on the road.27
  
• Research has provided more evidence of the prevalence of drugged driving and the resulting consequences. A roadside study of reckless drivers who were not impaired by alcohol showed that 33 percent tested positive for marijuana.28 Another study of patients in a shock-trauma unit who had been in traffic crashes revealed that 15 percent of those who had been driving a car or motorcycle had been smoking marijuana and another 17 percent had both THC and alcohol in their blood.29
  

Parents Can Make a Difference

• Parents are the most powerful influence on their kids when it comes to drugs. Two-thirds of youth ages 13-17 say losing their parents' respect is one of the main reasons they don't smoke marijuana or use other drugs.30
  
• In 2002, most youths (89.1 percent) reported that their parents would strongly disapprove of their trying marijuana once or twice. Among these youths, only 5.5 percent had used marijuana in the past month. However, among youths who perceived that their parents would only somewhat disapprove or neither approve nor disapprove of their trying marijuana, 30.2 percent reported past month use of marijuana.31
  

Sources


[font=arial, helvetica, sans-serif][size=1]1 National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2002. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2003.

2 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse 2001. SAMHSA, 2002.

3 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Highlights 2002. SAMHSA, 2003.

4 Monitoring the Future. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), 2002.

5 Monitoring the Future. NIDA, 2003.

6 Trends in Initiation of Substance Use. Based on the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. SAMHSA, 2003.

7 Marijuana: Facts for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1998. www.nida.nih.gov Crowley, T. J.; Macdonald, M. J.; Whitmore. E. A.; and Mikulich, S. K. Cannabis Dependence, Withdrawal, and Reinforcing Effects Among Adolescents With Conduct Symptoms and Substance Use Disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1998.

8 "Treatment Episodes Data Set 1992-2000, National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services. SAMHSA. DASIS Series S-17, DHHS Pub. No. (SMA) 02-3727, 2002.

9 Treatment Episodes Data Set 2000, National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services. SAMHSA.

10 Youth Marijuana Prevention Initiative, October 2002, the NCADI Report, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

11 Gfroer, JC and Epstein, JF. Marijuana initiates and their impact on future drug abuse treatment need. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 54(3):229–237, 1999. Anthony, JC and Petronis, KR. Early on-set drug use and risk of later drug problems. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 40: 9–15, 1995. Grant, BF and Dawson, DA, Age of onset of drug use and its association with DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence: Results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. Journal of Substance Abuse, 10: 163–173, 1998.

12 Treatment Episodes Data Set 1992–2000, National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services. SAMHSA. DASIS Series S-17, DHHS Pub. No. (SMA) 02-3727, 2002.

13 Marijuana: Facts Parents Need to Know, Revised, NIDA, November 1998. Rodriguez de Fonseca, F et al. Activation of corticotrophin-releasing factor in the limbic system during cannabinoid withdrawal. Science. 276(5321): 2050–2064, 1997. Diana, M et al. Mesolimbic dopaminergic decline after cannabinoid withdrawal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (17): 10269–10273, 1998.

14 Wu, TC et al. Pulmonary hazards of smoking marijuana as compared with tobacco. New England Journal of Medicine. 318(6):347–351, 1988.

15 Brook, JS et al. The effect of early marijuana use on later anxiety and depressive symptoms. NYS Psychologist. 35–39, 2001. Green, BE and Ritter, C. Marijuana use and depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 41(1):40–49, 2000. Brook, JS et al. Longitudinal study of co-occurring psychiatric disorders and substance use. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 37:322–330, 1998.

16 NIDA InfoFax Marijuana 13551. Pope, HG and Yurelun-Todd, D. The residual cognitive effects of heavy marijuana use in college students. Journal of the American Medical Association. 275(7): 521-527, 1996. Block, RI and Ghoneim, MM. Effects of chronic marijuana use on human cognition. Psychopharmacology 100(12):219–228, 1993.

17 Bolla, KI; Brown, K; Eldreth, D; Tate, K; and Cadet, JL. Dose-related neurocognitive effects of marijuana use. Neurology. 59(9):1337–1343, 2002.

18 The NHSDA Report: Marijuana use among youths. SAMHSA. 2002. Based on data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse 2000.

19 Brook, JS; Balka, EB; and Whiteman, M. The risks for late adolescence of early adolescent marijuana use. American Journal of Public Health, October 1999.

20 The NHSDA Report: Marijuana use among youths. SAMHSA, 2002. Based on data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse 2000.

21 Analyses of Substance Abuse and Treatment Needs Issues Analytic Series. Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, 1998.

22 Brook, JS et al. 1999.

23 Greenblat, J. Self-reported behaviors and their association with marijuana use. SAMHSA, Based on data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse 1994–1996, 1998.

24 Ibid.

25 Ibid.

26 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The NSDUH Report: Marijuana use and delinquent behavior among youth. SAMHSA, 2004.

27 Marijuana: Facts Parents Need to Know, Revised, NIDA, November 1998.

28 Dan Brookoff, et al. Testing reckless drivers for cocaine and marijuana. New England Journal of Medicine, 331:518–522, 1994.

29 Marijuana: Facts Parents Need to Know, Revised, NIDA, November 1998.

30 Partnership for a Drug-Free America, Partnership Attitude Tracking Study, 2002.

31 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. SAMHSA, 2003.


[/size][/font]

[Bhairav]

Jan, die teksten bewijzen vooral dat cannabis niet past in het bekrompen systeem waarin we leven.

[lyot]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door jan hyoens

en na de pseudo-wetenschapelijke leugens de feiten:

[size=4]Marijuana and Teens: Fact Sheet
[/size]

Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug among America's youth.1 Among kids who use drugs, approximately 60 percent use marijuana only.2 Of the 14.6 million past month marijuana users in 2002, about one third, or 4.8 million persons, used it on 20 or more days in the past month.3

Between 1991 and 2001, the percentage of 8th graders who used marijuana doubled from one in ten to one in five.4 From 2001 to 2003, current marijuana use declined 11 percent. This is the first decline in youth drug use of such a magnitude in more than a decade.5 Kids are using marijuana at an earlier age. In the late 1960s fewer than half of those using marijuana for the first time were under 18. By 2001, about two-thirds (67 percent) of marijuana users were younger than 18.6

Marijuana is Addictive

• Research has now established that marijuana is addictive.7 Each year, more teens enter treatment with a primary diagnosis of marijuana dependence than for all other illicit drugs combined.8 Sixty percent of teens admitted to drug treatment cite marijuana as their primary substance of abuse.9
• Research also shows that marijuana use is three times more likely to lead to dependence among adolescents than among adults.10
• Research indicates that the earlier kids start using marijuana, the more likely they are to become dependent on this or other illicit drugs later in life.11
• The proportion of admissions for primary marijuana abuse increased from 6 percent in 1992 to 15 percent of admission to treatment in 2000. Almost half (46 percent) of the people admitted for marijuana were under 20 years old. Of those admitted for treatment for primary marijuana dependence, 56 percent had first used the drug by age 14, and 26 percent had begun by age 12.12

Marijuana Hurts Young Bodies and Minds

• The brain. Smoking marijuana leads to some changes in the brain similar to those caused by cocaine, heroin and alcohol.13
• Lung damage. Regular marijuana users often develop breathing problems including chronic coughing and wheezing. Marijuana contains the same cancer-causing chemicals as tobacco. The amount of tar inhaled by marijuana smokers and the level of carbon monoxide absorbed by those who smoke marijuana, regardless of THC content, are three to five times greater than among tobacco smokers.14
• Mental health. For young users, marijuana can lead to increased anxiety, panic attacks, depression and other mental health problems.15 For those already prone to depression or anxiety attacks, marijuana use may accelerate or exacerbate problems.

Marijuana Affects Learning and Academic Achievement

• Researchers have found that heavy marijuana use impairs the ability of young people to concentrate and retain information.16 Regular marijuana use has been shown to be associated with cognitive deficits17 and poor academic performance.18 This may be especially problematic during teens' peak learning years, when their brains are still developing.
• One study found an association between an increase in adolescent marijuana use and a decrease in the likelihood of attaining at least a high school education.19
• Research found that youths with an average grade of "D" or below were more than four times as likely to have used marijuana in the past year as youths who reported an average grade of "A."20
• Students who have smoked marijuana within the past year are more than twice as likely to cut class than those who did not smoke, while health problems associated with using marijuana can keep students from attending school due to illness.21

Marijuana Linked to Risky Behaviors

• Research shows that kids who use marijuana in early adolescence are more likely to engage in risky behaviors that may put their futures in jeopardy, such delinquency; having multiple sexual partners; perceiving drugs as not harmful; and having more friends who exhibit deviant behavior.22
• According to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, adolescents age 12 to 17 who use marijuana weekly are nine times more likely than non-users to experiment with other illegal drugs or alcohol, five times more likely to steal and nearly four times more likely to engage in violence.23
• Despite popular notions, research has shown a link between frequent marijuana use and increased violent behavior.24 Research found that among youth, the incidence of physically attacking people, destroying property and stealing increased in proportion to the number of days marijuana was smoked in the past year.25
• In 2002, approximately 21 percent of youths (5 million) engaged in serious fighting at school or work, almost 16 percent (4 million) took part in a group-against-group fight, and almost 8 percent (2 million) attacked someone with the intent to seriously hurt them during the past year. Nearly 5 percent of youths (1.2 million) stole or tried to steal something worth more than $50, more than 4 percent (1.1 million) sold illegal drugs, and more than 3 percent (800,000) carried a handgun during the past year. The percentages of youths engaging in delinquent behaviors in the past year rose with increasing frequency of marijuana use.26

Marijuana Impairs Driving

• Marijuana affects alertness, concentration, perception, coordination and reaction time, many of the skills required for safe driving and other tasks. These effects can last several hours after smoking marijuana. Marijuana use can also make it difficult to judge distances and react to signals and sounds on the road.27
• Research has provided more evidence of the prevalence of drugged driving and the resulting consequences. A roadside study of reckless drivers who were not impaired by alcohol showed that 33 percent tested positive for marijuana.28 Another study of patients in a shock-trauma unit who had been in traffic crashes revealed that 15 percent of those who had been driving a car or motorcycle had been smoking marijuana and another 17 percent had both THC and alcohol in their blood.29

Parents Can Make a Difference

• Parents are the most powerful influence on their kids when it comes to drugs. Two-thirds of youth ages 13-17 say losing their parents' respect is one of the main reasons they don't smoke marijuana or use other drugs.30
• In 2002, most youths (89.1 percent) reported that their parents would strongly disapprove of their trying marijuana once or twice. Among these youths, only 5.5 percent had used marijuana in the past month. However, among youths who perceived that their parents would only somewhat disapprove or neither approve nor disapprove of their trying marijuana, 30.2 percent reported past month use of marijuana.31

Sources


[font=arial, helvetica, sans-serif][size=1]1 National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2002. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2003.

2 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse 2001. SAMHSA, 2002.

3 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Highlights 2002. SAMHSA, 2003.

4 Monitoring the Future. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), 2002.

5 Monitoring the Future. NIDA, 2003.

6 Trends in Initiation of Substance Use. Based on the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. SAMHSA, 2003.

7 Marijuana: Facts for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1998. www.nida.nih.gov Crowley, T. J.; Macdonald, M. J.; Whitmore. E. A.; and Mikulich, S. K. Cannabis Dependence, Withdrawal, and Reinforcing Effects Among Adolescents With Conduct Symptoms and Substance Use Disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1998.

8 "Treatment Episodes Data Set 1992-2000, National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services. SAMHSA. DASIS Series S-17, DHHS Pub. No. (SMA) 02-3727, 2002.

9 Treatment Episodes Data Set 2000, National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services. SAMHSA.

10 Youth Marijuana Prevention Initiative, October 2002, the NCADI Report, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

11 Gfroer, JC and Epstein, JF. Marijuana initiates and their impact on future drug abuse treatment need. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 54(3):229–237, 1999. Anthony, JC and Petronis, KR. Early on-set drug use and risk of later drug problems. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 40: 9–15, 1995. Grant, BF and Dawson, DA, Age of onset of drug use and its association with DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence: Results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. Journal of Substance Abuse, 10: 163–173, 1998.

12 Treatment Episodes Data Set 1992–2000, National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services. SAMHSA. DASIS Series S-17, DHHS Pub. No. (SMA) 02-3727, 2002.

13 Marijuana: Facts Parents Need to Know, Revised, NIDA, November 1998. Rodriguez de Fonseca, F et al. Activation of corticotrophin-releasing factor in the limbic system during cannabinoid withdrawal. Science. 276(5321): 2050–2064, 1997. Diana, M et al. Mesolimbic dopaminergic decline after cannabinoid withdrawal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (17): 10269–10273, 1998.

14 Wu, TC et al. Pulmonary hazards of smoking marijuana as compared with tobacco. New England Journal of Medicine. 318(6):347–351, 1988.

15 Brook, JS et al. The effect of early marijuana use on later anxiety and depressive symptoms. NYS Psychologist. 35–39, 2001. Green, BE and Ritter, C. Marijuana use and depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 41(1):40–49, 2000. Brook, JS et al. Longitudinal study of co-occurring psychiatric disorders and substance use. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 37:322–330, 1998.

16 NIDA InfoFax Marijuana 13551. Pope, HG and Yurelun-Todd, D. The residual cognitive effects of heavy marijuana use in college students. Journal of the American Medical Association. 275(7): 521-527, 1996. Block, RI and Ghoneim, MM. Effects of chronic marijuana use on human cognition. Psychopharmacology 100(12):219–228, 1993.

17 Bolla, KI; Brown, K; Eldreth, D; Tate, K; and Cadet, JL. Dose-related neurocognitive effects of marijuana use. Neurology. 59(9):1337–1343, 2002.

18 The NHSDA Report: Marijuana use among youths. SAMHSA. 2002. Based on data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse 2000.

19 Brook, JS; Balka, EB; and Whiteman, M. The risks for late adolescence of early adolescent marijuana use. American Journal of Public Health, October 1999.

20 The NHSDA Report: Marijuana use among youths. SAMHSA, 2002. Based on data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse 2000.

21 Analyses of Substance Abuse and Treatment Needs Issues Analytic Series. Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, 1998.

22 Brook, JS et al. 1999.

23 Greenblat, J. Self-reported behaviors and their association with marijuana use. SAMHSA, Based on data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse 1994–1996, 1998.

24 Ibid.

25 Ibid.

26 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The NSDUH Report: Marijuana use and delinquent behavior among youth. SAMHSA, 2004.

27 Marijuana: Facts Parents Need to Know, Revised, NIDA, November 1998.

28 Dan Brookoff, et al. Testing reckless drivers for cocaine and marijuana. New England Journal of Medicine, 331:518–522, 1994.

29 Marijuana: Facts Parents Need to Know, Revised, NIDA, November 1998.

30 Partnership for a Drug-Free America, Partnership Attitude Tracking Study, 2002.

31 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. SAMHSA, 2003.


[/size][/font]

dat stuk over leren en risky behavior is bullshit..

[Geertje]

Dus van canabis is nog niemand overleden. Zodoende is ook nog niemand van overdreven snelheid overleden. Deze zijn overleden omdat de boom in de wegstond, of omdat het wegdek te hard was, ... Zo kan je natuurlijk alles uitleggen.

[Bhairav]

Wéér zo'n poging tot ver denken.

[jan hyoens]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door lyot

dat stuk over leren en risky behavior is bullshit..

In tegenstelling tot jouw bullshit wel wetenschappelijk bewezen!

[Geertje]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Bhairav

Wéér zo'n poging tot ver denken.

Allez, zeg dan eens tot hoever is canabis roken gezond en vanaf wanneer is het ongezond. Volgens jou dan toch.

[Raf]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door jan hyoens

en na de pseudo-wetenschapelijke leugens de feiten:

Tja, Hyoens... Van jou had ik ook echt niet verwacht dat je een ONAFHANKELIJKE bron zou vinden. Dit is natuurlijk gewoon tendentieus geleuter, behorend bij een mediacampagne tegen druggebruik. Het spreekt vanzelf dat je d�*�*r geen objectieve informatie zal vinden...

Leuk geprobeerd, Hyoens, maar niet goed genoeg...

[Raf]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Geertje

Allez, zeg dan eens tot hoever is canabis roken gezond en vanaf wanneer is het ongezond. Volgens jou dan toch.

Heeft er hier iemand beweerd dat cannabis roken "gezond" is? Dat moet ik gemist hebben... of slaat jouw verbeelding weer eens op hol?

[Raf]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door lyot

dat stuk over leren en risky behavior is bullshit..

Meer nog: die hele tekst is bullshit!

[Griffin]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Geertje

Dus van canabis is nog niemand overleden. Zodoende is ook nog niemand van overdreven snelheid overleden. Deze zijn overleden omdat de boom in de wegstond, of omdat het wegdek te hard was, ... Zo kan je natuurlijk alles uitleggen.

Idd.

Nog één vraagje over dat links-rechts, is het je nog nooit overkomen dat je mensen bent tegengekomen die over drugs een genuanceerde mening hebben? Vallen die dan links of rechts?

[Raf]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Griffin

Idd.

Nog één vraagje over dat links-rechts, is het je nog nooit overkomen dat je mensen bent tegengekomen die over drugs een genuanceerde mening hebben? Vallen die dan links of rechts?

Moet je hem eerst wel even uitleggen van "genuanceerd" betekent, anders begrijpt hij niet waar je het over hebt hoor...

[jan hyoens]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Raf

Tja, Hyoens... Van jou had ik ook echt niet verwacht dat je een ONAFHANKELIJKE bron zou vinden. Dit is natuurlijk gewoon tendentieus geleuter, behorend bij een mediacampagne tegen druggebruik. Het spreekt vanzelf dat je d�*�*r geen objectieve informatie zal vinden...

Leuk geprobeerd, Hyoens, maar niet goed genoeg...

Dus een mediacampagne tegen drugsgebruik is in se altijd tendentieus geleuter?
Een beetje last van vooringenomenheid? Kijk eens verder dan uw neus lang is!

[Raf]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door jan hyoens

Dus een mediacampagne tegen drugsgebruik is in se altijd tendentieus geleuter?

Natuurlijk.

[Bhairav]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Geertje

Allez, zeg dan eens tot hoever is canabis roken gezond en vanaf wanneer is het ongezond. Volgens jou dan toch.

Daar gaat het niet om.
Ook niet als gij dat met volle overtyuiging denkt.

[jan hyoens]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Raf

Natuurlijk.

QED