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#21 |
Banneling
Geregistreerd: 16 januari 2007
Locatie: Mare Mortum
Berichten: 5.231
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![]() Geschiedenis van Kosovo. Eigenlijk komt het hier op neer: islam dringt binnen en sindsdien is er een conflict dat nooit echt gestopt is.
The Islamic Conquest and Islamization Serbia including Kosovo was conquered by the Islamic Ottoman Turks in 1459, Bosnia and Herzegovina fell in 1465 and 1483 repectively. During this time Serbian Christians and Jews, as "people of the book", became dhimmis subject to the dhimma or protection offered to Christian and Jews in newly Islamized lands in exchange for their lives. Dhimmi status goes back to the 7th century when the Jews at the oasis of Khaybar in Arabia accepted the treaty offered to them by Muhammed. In exchange for their lives the Jews forfeited ownership of their lands were forced to defer to Muslims on the street, in business dealings and under the Shari'a law, and were forced to by heavy taxes to their Muslim conquerers. This treaty of Khaybar became the model by which all Christian and Jews in newly conquered lands became subject to a condition referred to by the scholar Bat Ye'or as dhimmitude, a contraction of the two word dhimmitude and servitude. Christians and Jews in lands under Islamic rule remained in the status of dhimmitude until the emancipation ordered by the Ottoman Sultan in the middle of the 19th century.under pressure from the European powers. In reality the oppression of the Christians and the Jews in the Balkans moderated in 1912 after the first Balkan war. Late 19th and Early 20th Century The opening of a Serbian seminary in Prizren in 1871 started a pronounced strengthening of the Serb presence in Kosovo culminating in Serbian reoccupation and control of Kosovo by 1912. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Turks in the Russo-Ottoman War in 1878 the terms of the "Peace Accord" extended Bulgaria westward and gave the Serbs control of Mitrovica and Pristina in Kosovo, while the remainder remained in Ottoman hands. In response to this peace settlement Albanian nationalists called a meeting in Prizren which was attended by over 300 delegates from Kosovo and western Macedonia. This meeting founded what became known as "The Prizren League". The delegates were primarily conservative Muslim landowners whose main interest was to maintain strong Ottoman control of Kosovo to protect them from marauding Balkan neighbors. The League also included Albanian intellectuals inspired by ideas of the European Renaissance who were interested in unification of Albanian people under the umbrella of Ottoman rule. The Ottoman Sultan supported the League because he wanted to instill pan-Islamic ideology as a counterbalance to Christian and Slavic influences. However, as the Ottoman Empire weakened the League moved toward autonomy within the Empire. In this movement the League increasingly became anti-Christian as well, causing considerable anxiety among Christian Albanians and especially among the Serbs. At this time the Muslim leadership encouraged what today would be termed "ethnic cleansing" and as a result more and more Serbs left Kosovo and moved north in Serbia. The Treaty of San Stefano in 1898 granted independence to Serbia.Also in 1898 Western powers, reacting to what they perceived as undue Russian interests in the Balkans, compelled Russia to submit to a new peace settlement, this time at the Congress of Berlin presided over by the "Iron Chancellor" Bismarck. This settlement greatly reduced the size of Bulgaria and returned all Albanian inhabited land to the Ottomans. Many Serbs were expelled from Kosovo at this time and Serbian troops also were forced to withdraw.. In the early 20th century the "Young Turk Movement", as a liberal movement in opposition to the Sultan, became an important factor within the Ottoman Empire. A constitution was established and electoral laws promulgated. Unfortunately for the hopeful Albanians in Kosovo the electoral law of 1908 stipulated that voters must have a knowledge of the Turkish language in order to vote leaving the great majority of Kosovars, whether Albanian or Serbian, disenfranchised. The Young Turks were strongly opposed to nationalist tendencies within the Empire and worked toward centralization of power and authority and Turkification of all subjects in the Ottoman domain. As is the case in present day Serbia, the Ottomans strongly opposed the autonomy desired by Kosovars in general and Albanians in particular. This was one of many Albanian Kosovar disappointments though the years. In the first Balkan War of 1912 Albania was attacked by Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece. The Albanians were allied with the Ottomans. Serbs joined the army in large numbers to avenge the Serbian defeat by the Turks at the Battle of Kosovo Polje. At this time Kosovo was mostly Albanian. Serbs entered Pristina as Albanians retreated to the mountains. The Serbian army destroyed Turkish and Albanian houses and there was much plundering and killing. Serb peasants followed the army into Kosovo re-occupying the land. The Albanians fought fiercely but lost the war and Kosovo came under Serbian authority. At the Conference of Ambassadors in London in 1912 presided over by Sir Edward Grey, the British Foreign Secretary, Serbia was given sovereignty over Kosovo which it has retained to the present day. Albania, for the first time was internationally recognized and by the Treaty of London in1913 became a fully independent and sovereign state. Within Kosovo not surprisingly there was much anti-Serbian sentiment since the population was still mostly Albanian. In 1913, in the second Balkan War, Bulgaria attacked the Serbian and Greek armies in Macedonia. They miscalculated and were quickly and decisively defeated. Among the outcomes Serbia nearly doubled in size obtaining most of Slavic Macedonia. World War I At the beginning of the war Bosnia-Herzegovina had been annexed by and was under the rule of Austria-Hungary. In June 1914 Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist, assassinated the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarejevo and the world, especially Europe, was never and will never be the same again. Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia that Serbia felt it could not accept without loss of its honor and sovereignty. Austria-Hungary, with the support of Germany, declared war on Serbia. Russia came into the war in support of its Slavic brothers in Serbia. France and Britain entered the war with Russia because of their alliances. The "Guns of August" were not silenced until November 11, 1918. It is not our role to discuss the many adverse effects of the war, three of which were the rise of Bolshevism in Russia, rise of Fascism in Italy and the rise of Naziism in Germany. We will discuss only the effects of the war on Yugoslavia in general and Kosovo in particular. The declaration of war by Austria-Hungary was greeted with considerable satisfaction in Albania for understandable reasons. Also for understandable reasons Serbia saw Albania and Albanians as its enemy. As a result vicious guerrilla fighting took place between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo with atrocities on both sides and a flow of refugees of Albanians into Albania. In 1915, the Western allies, in the secret Pact of London, agreed to divide Albania between Greece and Italy leaving only a small autonomous state in the central region. Austria-Hungarian and Bulgarian troops moved into Kosovo. The Serb armies were beaten decisively and in what is known as " The Great Serbian Retreat" made a disastrous trek across Kosovo and the snow- covered mountains of Albania. The army was accompanied by thousands of Serb civilians who were terrified by what they had heard about the fate of Belgium at the hands of the Axis powers. The best estimate is that 100,000 Serbs lost their lives during this grueling retreat. Kosovo was occupied by Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria. Many Kosovar Albanians joined the Austria- Hungarian army. Albanian language schools were opened to undermine the Serbian presence. After the tide of battle turned against Austria-Hungary in 1918 the Serb army took revenge massacring women and children and destroying homes. In retaliation guerilla warfare against the Serbs was relentless. The peace treaties of 1919-1920 established a Yugoslav state with the name "The Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs". The name was shortly changed to Yugoslavia. Included in the Kingdom, which was a constitutional monarchy, beside those mentioned above were Bosnia- Herzegovina, Montenegro and Macedonia. Kosovo was again an integral part of Serbia. The Kingdom was comprised of 12 million people, of whom 400,000 were Albanian. It was overwhelmingly a Slavic state. In contrast 64% of the population of Kosovo was Albanian, and of these three-quarters were Muslim. The Kingdom was governed from Belgrade. It is clear that seeds for ethnic conflict had been re-sown and it didn't take long for them to germinate. Hostilities between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo heated up immediately and by 1921 Albanian Kosovars requested the League of Nations to take steps to unite Kosovo with Albania. They alleged that 12,000 Albanians had been killed and 22,000 imprisoned in Kosovo since 1918. The League was relatively unsympathetic and did not take action. A Kachak movement of armed Albanians seeking annexation by Albania developed. As a result Albanians in Kosovo were increasingly seen by Serbs as comprising an outlaw national liberation movement, subversive to the Yugoslav constitution. In the period 1918-1941, between the two world wars, colonization of Kosovo by Serbian settlers was attempted. Land was appropriated from Albanians illegally and Albanians were encouraged to leave. Some Albanians resisted. In 1931 the population of Kosovo remained 63% Albanian, so it is clear that, for a variety of reasons, the colonization movement had failed except for a few isolated Albanian towns that became more Serbian. World War II Albania was occupied by Italian forces in April 1939. Greece was attacked by Italy in November 1940, but a bloody stalemate resulted that ultimately required German assistance. Rumania joined the Axis in November 1940, and Bulgaria in March 1941. The Yugoslav government was coerced into also joining the Tripartite Pact (Germany, Italy and Japan) on March 25, 1941 followed two days later by an anti-axis coup which Hitler did not later forget. Germany invaded Yugoslavia April 6, and by April 17 formal resistance by the Yugoslav army had collapsed. Croatia, including Bosnia-Herzegovina, became a Fascist state allied with Germany and which killed and persecuted thousands of Serbs. Slovenia was annexed to Italy and Montenegro was occupied by Italian forces. Serbia, Macedonia and Greece were occupied by Germany. The Yugoslav and Greek campaigns required 27 German divisions. Most of Kosovo was occupied by Albania except for the important mining region which remained under German control. Resistance to German occupation was fierce and took place primarily under the Loyalist Chetnicks under the command of General Mihailovic and the Partisans under the command of the head of the Communist Party Josip Broz, a Croat, later known as Marshall Tito. In 1943 the British Government withdrew support from Mihailovic and threw all it's support in increasing amounts to Tito and the communists. This enabled Tito to fight both the Germans and Mihailovic and the Loyalists thus consolidating post-war communist rule over Yugoslavia. The Serbian guerilla resistance required, at it's peak, 700,000 German soldiers for it to be controlled by Germany.. In Kosovo, under Albanian and German rule nearly 100,000 Albanians moved into Kosovo. Serbs were harassed and attacked by the occupying force of Albanians. Post-War Yugoslavia After the war Yugoslavia consisted of republics of Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro and Macedonia. In 1940 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had committed in writing to an autonomous "Peasant Republic of Kosovo", but as with so many communist promises it wasn't kept. In 1943, at Mulje in central Albania, a committee was established for the "Salvation of Albania". The agreement at the conclusion of this meeting sanctioned the creation of a unified Albanian state including Kosovo. Needless to say, Yugoslavs strenuously objected. Also in 1943 the 2nd Prizren League was established, with delegates from all Albanian territories including Kosovo, and with similar objectives. During the war years Serbs and Montenegrins in Albanian occupied territory were brutalized by the SS "Skanderbeg" division which was comprised of Albanian soldiers under German officers. Albanian village police units also were involved in these activities directed against Serbs. After the war, thousands of Serbs and Montenegrins were prohibited from returning to Kosovo, and thousands of Albanians immigrated into Kosovo. After Tito had consolidated his power and the rule of the communist party over all of Yugoslavia, he favored a Kosovo within Serbia for political reasons since he needed support from the Serbs and to win them over to communism. Albanian Kosovars were perceived to be politically unreliable because of their wartime cooperation with the Axis powers. Just prior to the end of the war Tito launched a major offensive against the Germans using impressed Albanian troops as well as Serbs. The Yugoslav army also arrested prominent Albanians and collected weapons house to house in Kosovo. The Kosovars responded with a general rebellion against the Partisans which was brutally put down by Tito and his forces with massacres and many atrocities. The National Democratic Committee of Albanians estimated that 48,000 Albanians lost their lives in the six months of fighting that ensued. The 1946 Yugoslav constitution did not grant territorial autonomy to Kosovo, nor did it grant Albanian status as a recognized nationality. Five nationalities were recognized within the Yugoslav Federation; Serb, Croat, Slovene, Montenegrin and Macedonian. Albanian was not one of them. Kosovo was not recognized as a republic or an autonomous territory within Serbia. Rather it was defined as an autonomous region under Federal not Serbian jurisdiction. After Tito broke with Stalin in 1948 Yugoslavia ended diplomatic relations with Albania which remained loyal to Moscow. Thousands of Albanians were arrested, now as "Stalinists' rather than as fascists as was the case previously. The 1953 constitution reduced autonomy for Kosovo even more with much repression of Albanians taking place. Not surprisingly, by 1956 there was a resurgence of Albanian nationalism. The Yugoslav government again took steps to disarm Albanians house to house. In the 1963 constitution what little was left of autonomy in Kosovo was reduced even further by placing it under Serbian rather than Federal authority. In 1967 Tito made his first visit to Kosovo. He purged Alexander Rankovic, who was a strong Serbian "centralist" and much hated in Kosovo, from power in Kosovo. This created euphoria among the Albanian population. More concessions were made to Albanian nationalism dealing with languages, education and other cultural issues. A veritable flood of Albanian nationalism was the predictable result. Because of immigration of Albanians, emigration of Serbs and a very high Albanian birthrate from 1961 to 1971 Albanians increased from 67% to 74% of the population . These developments continued and intensified. The 1974 constitution made Kosovo an Autonomous province but more importantly made it an equal constitutional element of the Federation as one of eight federal units. Although not yet a republic its authority within the Federation was now equal to that of Serbia. In 1978 a centennial celebration of the first League of Prizren was held which caused an even stronger resurgence of Albanian nationalism and a corresponding reduction of loyalty to the unified Yugoslav state. Money going into capital development in Kosovo became a resented financial drain from other regions of Yugoslavia, especially Slovenia and Croatia. A continues demographic explosion of births among low- income, poorly educated Albanians who became dependents of the government increased the financial drain and increased the resentment. In addition, income inequalities became worse in the move toward "market socialism" and the move away from central planning. By 1981 100,000 Serbs left Kosovo and as Albanians continued to move in they now constituted 77% of the population in Kosovo. Making economic development worse, the Serbs who left were better educated and technically trained than the Albanians who moved in. Tito's Death Tito died May 4, 1980. Among other de-stabilizing effects, Albanians felt that they had lost their new guardian. Less than a year later and not necessarily related to Tito's death, Albanian riots shook Kosovo. The riots were ignited by student grievance at a grossly overcrowded Pristina University, and rapidly spread throughout Kosovo. At this time approximately 28% of the people in Kosovo were students and the education they were getting was inferior because of the overcrowding and because of under-qualified and unqualified faculty. This was a matchbox that it took only a spark to ignite. Serbian and Montenegrin citizens were beaten, their homes burned and their shops looted. Public opinion throughout Serbia turned sharply against the educational system in Kosovo In particular Pristina University became widely believed to be a hotbed of Albanian nationalism. In response, Serbian, Montenegrin and Macedonian nationalisms were all given great impetus. By the middle 1980's there was an increasing amount of Serb migration out of Kosovo, in respose to widespread intimidation, pressure and some violence on the part of extremist Albanians who made no bones about desiring an "ethnically clean" Kosovo. The first organized protest on the part of Serbian Kosovars took place in 1986. Interestingly, also about this time the strongest statement on behalf of the Serbs in Kosovo was made by a group of Serbian intellectuals under the auspices of the Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences. Long before Milosevic came to power, this memorandum from this prestigious body called for a revocation of Kosovo autonomy and for a de-Albanianization of Kosovo. However, by this time a strong underground movement for the "National Liberation of Kosovo" had developed along with other underground Albanian groups. Serbs in Kosovo felt, and indeed were threatened. In February 1987 the Serbian government proposed to take away Kosovo's autonomy, even though they did not have the authority to do so since it was under Federal not Serbian authority. From 1974 until the late 1980's Albanians in Kosovo undoubtably had enjoyed the most administrative and cultural autonomy in their history whether under Serbian, Albanian or indeed Ottoman rule, but for the Kosovars that favored independence, it wasn't enough. Some wanted status as a republic within Yugoslavia, while others favored unification with Albania along with Albanians from Macedonia and Montenegro in a "Greater Albania" Slobodan Milosevic Milosevic's political career as a communist party apparachik had barely begun when Tito died in 1980. He rose rapidly and by 1987 he headed a more orthodox wing of the party with Ivan Stambolic heading a more reformist wing. Stambolic became Prime Minister of Serbia when Tito died, and Milosevic was widely seen as Stambolic's protégé. Both men were strongly nationalistic but initially Stambolic was more feared by non-Serbs because of his power and more importantly because he had signaled his intention to centralize authority within all of Serbia including Kosovo. This later changed as Milosevic championed serbs in Kosovo, and Stambolic backed off from his earlier views in response to Albanian riots in Kosovo. Milosevic first visited Kosovo in April 1987. Until this time he had said little about Kosovo. At a political rally of Serbs, he was emotionally greeted and literally mobbed by crowds of Serbs demanding action against the Albanians for condoning attacks on Serbs and Montenegrins. As mentioned earlier, the Serbian Presidium for Constitutional Change had already proposed to take away Kosovo's autonomy. This strong expression of anger, frustration and political support for Milisovic caused the Communist Party of Yugoslavia to debate the issue of Kosovo as an ethnic and nationality issue and therefore having implications for all the republics. The Serbian leadership mobilized public opinion under the slogan "No Force can now Stop Serbia's Unification". Street demonstrations were held all over Serbia for the return to Serbian authority of the two autonomous provinces Vojvodina and Kosovo, and an end to "Albanian Genocide" in Kosovo. Milosevic came to power as president of Serbia replacing Stambolic in late 1987. These and other events had repercussions in Kosovo. In November 1988 a five day demonstration for national liberation and autonomy involving 100,000 people was ignited by a miners strike. In February 1989 another miners strike brought life in Kosovo to a standstill with Albanians abandoning work and school to attend protest meetings. Serbs in Kosovo were terrorized and thousands of Serbs in Belgrade demanded that order be restored in Kosovo. A curfew was imposed and the entire province placed under a state of emergency decree. The process to abolish Kosovo autonomy began in March 1989 via amendments to the Serbian constitution that gave Serbia direct control over Kosovo. These changes also were approved by the Kosovo Parliament after it had been purged of opponents to centralization. Sometimes anniversaries can come at inopportune times. On June 28, 1989 a huge political rally was held at Kosovo Polje to commemorate the Serbian defeat at the hands of the hated Turks in 1389. Thosands of photos and posters of Milosevic were displayed. Milosevic was generally considered not only in Kosovo, but in all of Serbia as well, as the first Serbian leader since the second world war to hve defended Serbia's interests. Serbia and Serbs have a deep-seated persecution complex that cannot be ignored when dealing with the conflict in Kosovo. The year 1990 began with civil disturbances by tens of thousands of Albanian protesters swelled by workers emptying out of the factories. Violence resulted which was countered with equal or greater violence by security forces. The not surprising result was even more violence, with thirty- one deaths and hundreds injured before the disturbances were quelled and the streets cleared. In March 1990 the Serbian Parliament adopted the "Program for Achieving Peace, Freedom and Equality in Kosovo". It's goal was the peaceful co-existence of all ethnic groups in Kosovo, but it also identified Albanian separatists as the main threat to this goal. Because of all the many past events combined with Albanian desires for independence Albanians could not and did not accept the authority and legitimacy of this program. In July 1990 the Serbian government deprived the illegal Kosovo Parliament from meeting. In response Albanian parliamentarians assembled on the steps of the Parliament building and proclaimed the Sovereign Republic of Kosova. Within the Yugoslav Federation. Serbia then officially dissolved Kosovo's government and took executive control. The complete removal of Kosovo's autonomy was completed in September when a change in the Serbian constitution redefined Kosovo as a region in Serbia, with administrative and executive control now in the hands of the Serbian National Assembly. The emergency measures imposed by Serbia resulted in a de-Albanianization of cultural and educational institutions in kosovo with a consequent re- Serbianization occurring. In response Albanian Kosovars adopted a constitution for their Republic of Kosova. Breakup of Yugoslavia By the 1980's the economy in Yugoslavia, besides being dependent on Western aid with a very large debt, was in a shambles. Debt increased from $6 billion in 1975 to $19 billion in the early 1980's. Interest on the debt combined with mismanagement and a centrally-planned stagnant economy resulted in triple-digit inflation. Conditions were bad throughout Yugoslavia, worse in Kosovo and desperate among Kosovar Albanians. Along with the collapse of the communist world in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the idea of declaring independence by one of the Yugoslav republics was conceived first in Slovenia in the fall of 1990. Among other reasons, Slovenia, as the most economically advanced of the Yugoslav republics was increasingly distressed about having to subsidize other less well off republics. After a plebiscite that demonstrated overwhelming public support for independence, the Slovenian Parliament declared independence on December 26, 1990 to become effective in six months time if grievances weren't resolved. They weren't and, Slovenia became the first of the Yugoslav republics to achieve independence, and for reasons not gone into here this was accomplished with virtually no military action. Croatia and Bosnia were different matters and in both cases war resulted after independence was declared. Croatia had been a Fascist state allied to Germany during World War II. Many Serbs had been killed by Croatians at that time and these matters had by no means been forgotten. Franjo Tudjman had become President on a tide of Croatian nationalism as, correspondingly, Milosevic had been elected on a tide of Serbian nationalism. The two dictators wanted, respectively, a greater Croatia or a greater Serbia. Milosevic and Tudjman met in March 1991 and Tudjman proposed a division of Bosnia between them to avoid conflict. This and other negotiations failed and Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia as it was currently constituted. A brutal war resulted with much killing and burning of houses on both sides with ethnic cleansing part of the war from the beginning. A UN brokered cease-fire occurred January 2, 1992 with United States recognition coming in April of that year. However low-level warfare continued between Croatia and Serbia into 1994 as Croatia fought to place the Krajina region, which had been populated largely by Serbs for 400 years, firmly under Croatian control. Croatia got its way and the Krajina Serbs were in essence abandoned by Milisovic. In 1995, the Croatian army, which had been clandestinely armed with the assistance of the United States, took control of Krajina. With the tacit approval of the United States estimates are that anywhere from 200,000 to 400,000 Serbs were forced to leave Krajina and without adequate food and water crowded the road to Banja Luka and Serbia. Their reception in Serbia was not warm. Many of the Serbs that remained behind were tortured or killed. <> The independence of Bosnia-Herzegovina was recognized by the European community on April 6, 1992, in spite of the fact that the referendum in Bosnia on independence had been opposed and boycotted by the Bosnian Serbs who comprised one-third of the population. In addition the arbitration (Badinter) commission authorized by the European community had recommended against independence since its requirement that all ethnic groups support independence had not been met. The Bosnian government, led by Alije Izebegovic, was essentially Muslim in nature. For the next three years it fought wars with both Croatia and Serbia. A variety of peace plans were developed, the most prominent of which was the Vance-Owen proposal. This plan essentially provided for a three-way division of Bosnia reflected the warring ethnic groups; Croatian, Serbian and Muslim. The plan was not acceptable to the warring sides and was rejected. Hostilities ended between Croatia and the Bosnian government in March 1994 with the establishment of a loose Bosnian-Croatian Federation which has not yet to this day coalesced into a workable Federation. One outcome of the peace agreement was the influx of arms into Bosnia though Croatia for the use of the Bosnian government in fighting the Serbs. This was done with the tacit approval of the United States. The war with Serbia continued until United States intervention with air power brought Milosevic, Tudjman and Izebegovic to the negotiating table in Dayton Ohio. Here, under prodding from the United States the Dayton Peace Accord was signed which divided Bosnia in two halves, not completely severed, but not a unified government with real authority either. The two halves are the Bosnian-Croatian Federation with 51% of the territory and Republika Srpska with 49%. Since that time little if any progress has been made to unify Bosnia under one government and it is generally believed that if the UN peacekeepers were to leave war would break out again. Events in Kosovo in the 1990's By the spring of 1991 the League for a Democratic Kosovo (LDK) had 700,000 menbers with offices in Zurich, Stuttgart and Brussels among other cities. In September of that year the Parliament of the un-recognized Republic of Kosovo approved a resolution supporting the "Independence and Sovereignty of Kosovo". Put to a clandestinely organized and held referendum in Bosnia the resolution was approved overwhelmingly. Following this vote, the "Coordinating Committee of Albanian Political Parties in Yugoslavia" called for either 1) an Albanian republic within Yugoslavia which would include other ethnic Albanians within Serbia, Macedonia and Montenegro or 2) an undivided Albanian state of all Albanians in the Balkans, i.e. a "Greater Albania". In the summer of 1992 Albanians and Serbs in Kosovo were living in a virtual state of apartheid, essentially completely separated from each other. In the Yugoslav elections of December 1992 Albanian leadership in Kosovo advised Albanians not to vote and in large numbers they did not. Milosevic's Socialist Party won the election with 47 seats but the strongly nationalist Radical party won 33 seats putting additional pressure on Milosevic to defend Serbian interests in Kosovo and Serbian nationalism in general. It is likely that Milosevic could have been defeated if the Albanians in Kosovo had in fact voted. With the collapse of communism in Albania, important voices in that country started to talk more about the union of Kosovo with Albania. In the meantime, Albanian Kosovars emphasized what they believed was their ancestral rights to Kosovo by broadcasting and using Illyrian names. On their part, Serbs changed street signs to recognize the importance of Serbian history and culture in Kosovo .By 1993, 400,000 Albanians had left Kosovo in response to deteriorating socio-economic conditions. The Albanian Kosovars were bitterly disappointed by the Dayton agreement which, in their view, failed to recognize their long-standing and justified demand for independence. The Dayton Accord had not only recognized Republika Srpska, but more importantly had shut the door to the Albanian Kosovar case by decreeing that no additional changes in borders within Yugoslavia would be sanctioned. Meanwhile Serbs in Kosovo became increasingly worried as they saw how poorly the refugees from Krajina had been received and treated in Serbia. They felt isolated, abandoned by Belgrade and increasingly felt they were being sold out to the Albanians. Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo both were mobilizing themselves with arms. Passive Albanian resistance was being replaced by violence, first by the underground "National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo" and then by the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). The KLA entered into a campaign of terrorism by killing Serbs in the refugee camps and Serbian policemen and border guards in order to radicalize the situation. They succeeded and Serb police and military counter- measures ensued. In March 1997 civil government in Albania totally collapsed and anarchy resulted. This caused some Albanians to realize that a "Greater Albania" may not be such a great idea after all as they saw Albanians being killed by other Albanians. More importantly, as conditions worsened Albania became wide-open for the removal of military assets by the KLA. This in fact did occur and along with money, some of which has been alleged to come from drugs, and arms coming from other sources, the KLA engaged the Serbian authorities in a full-fledged civil war for independence. The United States advised the League for a Democratic Kosovo, under the leadership of Ibrahim Rugova, who sought a non-violent solution to the crisis, that parallel parliamentary elections should not be held and also that Kosovo should remain part of Serbia. However public opinion among Albanian Kosovars swung strongly against Rugova and his non-violent approach and toward the radical KLA. In her book Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide published in 2002, Bat Ye'or made the following comments about the historical antecedents to the dispute between Muslims and Christians in the Balkans: “To anyone with some knowledge of the centuries-old history of Serbian resistance to Ottoman domination, it was obvious that the return of a form of Islamic power in Bosnia- Herzegovina would be rejected by Orthodox Serbs. The five centuries of "harmonious and peaceful coexistence” under Islamic rule, cited by Bosnian President Alija Izetbegovic belong to the theological dogma of the perfection of the shari'a and the dhimmi For the Orthodox Serbs, however, this same period is considered one of massacre, pillage, slavery, deportation, and the exile of Christian populations. In their eyes it was a regime which found its justification in the usurpation of their land and denial of their rights; hence it represented the exact opposite of a peaceful, multicultural coexistence based on a system of social and political justice. Thus, two conceptions of history clashed, having never before been confronted. On the one hand, there is the version the dhimmi victims; on the other, that of the conquerors, through jihad. In their wars of emancipation-and, later, of liberation-the Orthodox Serbs found that their bitterest adversaries were their Muslim compatriots attached to their religious privileges and their domination over the humiliated Christians. During World War II Axis forces invaded Yugoslavia and sponsored the creation of a Nazi Croat state (Ustashi) with which many Bosnian Muslims cooperated. At the prompting of the Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husayni, they formed military corps, including the 13th (Hanjar) Waffen SS Division, some of which were trained in France. Early in the war, these Muslim Slavs actively participated in the policies of the Ustashi Croats and Nazis in the genocide of hundreds of thousands of Orthodox Serbs, Jews, and gypsies. Even their German allies were shocked by the bestial atrocities committed then in Yugoslavia. The Nazis encouraged secessionist claims by Muslims, some of whose leaders cited the traditional peaceful coexistence under Islam to denounce later these atrocities which they imputed to the Croats-although Muslim participation in the massacres was notorious. In fact, these allegations aimed at exploiting the inter-Christian conflicts between Catholic Croats and Orthodox Serbs which had facilitated Islam's expansion for a millennium. Under the authoritarian Communist rule of Tito-a Croat-the Muslim religion benefited from being recognized as Muslim nationality. It was the only group defined by religious criteria, whereas others were characterized by their ethnic differences. The deliberate policy of allowing the Islamization of the Orthodox Serbian homeland (Kosovo and Bosnia-Herzegovina) to continue also earned Tito the economic and political support of the Islamic world and perpetuated inter-Christian schisms. The communist dogma of human brotherhood once again froze the conflicts without resolving them. In 1991, before the conflict erupted, the English edition of Alija Izetbegovic's Islamic Declaration (1970) was published in Sarajevo. It specifically stated: "There can be neither peace nor coexistence between Arabia, the cradle of Islam and non-Islamic social and political institutions." And his conclusion affirmed: 'The Islamic movement must, and can, take over power as soon as it is morally and numerically so strong that it can not only destroy the existing non- Islamic power, but also build up a new Islamic one’. Underneath the camouflage of "the multicultural Islamic state" and the "five hundred years of peaceful coexistence," Bosnian Serbs recognized the shari'a system which had decimated them. Hence, the cruelty of the fighting in Bosnia reflected the historical confrontation which, instead of being settled by dialogue, erupted in hatred. Its barbarity expresses the revenge of repressed history, a parody of the distorted myth of idyllic coexistence. Izetbegovic described the Canadian UN commander, Major-General Lewis W. MacKenzie, as "an ignorant man" for his statement in New York that: ‘both sides’ in the war were filled with hatred. According to Izetbegovic, this could only have been said by someone who knew nothing of Sarajevo's Muslims and their ‘500-year tradition of tolerance’. Izetbegovic's reference to an "Ottoman paradise" scandalized Serbs, Greeks, and Armenians. Innocent individuals regardless of religion have become victims of a past which, because it was buried in silence, vengefully returns, accompanied by appalling acts of violence. Those responsible are the politicians who, to safeguard their own interests, tried to impose the myth of tolerance on their victims”. The territorial feelings of the Serbs toward Kosovo as the homeland of "Old Serbia" with its many Orthodox Christian monasteries are considerably greater than any such feelings toward Bosnia-Hercegovina. Laatst gewijzigd door Dycore : 3 oktober 2007 om 13:28. |
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![]() (als tegenargument dan). Of ben je de uitroeing van de christenen vergeten tijdens de zgn. burgeroorlog. Hier een link, als je de moed hebt om het te lezen: http://forum.politics.be/showpost.ph...5&postcount=25 Afghanistan, waar de vrouwen in de burka geklopt en/of verkracht werden. Waar eeuwenoude beelden (erkend erfgoed van VOOR de islam bezetting) vernietigd werden in naam van diezelfde religie. Citaat:
Egypte, waar coptische christen met de regelmaat van een klok moslim razzia's moeten ondergaan, waarbij we over het lot van jonge meisjes niet in detail moeten treden. Citaat:
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Dit geloof is opgegroeid, is volwassen geworden, is willens-nillens meegegaan met zijn tijd en heeft dus ook slagkracht verloren door het weglaten van geweld. Islam daarentegen deed dit ook al en ondertussen al meer dan 1400+ jaren en weet je wat: Mijn voorbeelden hierboven aangehaald zijn recent: Dat wil zeggen uit de laatste pakweg 50 jaar, dus islam IS NOG STEEDS EEN DREIGING, DIE SERIEUS MOET WORDEN GENOMEN! Citaat:
Het=met geweld de eigen mening en levensgewoonten opleggen aan andersdenkenden. Dat je dat niet wil zien, vind ik heel erg!!
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Support the people of Herouxville, Quebec, Canada: http://municipalite.herouxville.qc.ca/avispublic.htm Version francaise:http://municipalite.herouxville.qc.ca/normes.pdf | English version : http://municipalite.herouxville.qc.ca/Standards.pdf Send an email to: [email protected] (*) rmp: rovershoofdman, moordenaar en pedofiel Laatst gewijzigd door hermanvk : 3 oktober 2007 om 15:13. |
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#23 | |
Perm. Vertegenwoordiger VN
Geregistreerd: 4 november 2004
Berichten: 14.274
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Als het regent in Limburg, kan het op Aarde best mooi weer zijn. Laatst gewijzigd door willem1940NLD : 3 oktober 2007 om 18:07. |
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#24 | |
Europees Commissaris
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Nooit mag de regering meer macht kunnen uitoefenen over de bevolking, dan de bevolking over de regering: http://www.vrij-vlaanderen.be . |
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#25 | |
Minister
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Ik herinner mij wel door een van de prachtigste gebieden gereden te hebben, ook al was het een overharde (steenslag) baan. Doorheen bijna wilde natuur, ergens in het hedendaags Bosnië. West van Sarajevo, als ik mij nog goed herinner. Zowel in Sarajevo als tijdens een stop door dat stukje wilde natuur, werden wij lastig gevallen door een bende 'hangjongeren', die met geen woorden -vriendelijke of onvriendelijke- weg te slaan waren van mijn moto. Alleen een 'plankgas' deed de bende uiteenstuiven... tot ze een paar seconden later weer rond de moto hingen en hun poten niet konde thuishouden.
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#26 | |
Minister
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Er is er zelfs eentje, die rustig durft te stellen, dat islam geen vredige godsdienst is, want zij die dat geloven zijn idioten. Er is een youtube van, maar ik ben de link kwijt. Er bestaan dus alleen minder en meer extreme moslims.
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#27 |
Eur. Commissievoorzitter
Geregistreerd: 30 maart 2004
Berichten: 8.430
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![]() En waren het moslims? Of Serviërs? Kroaten?
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Wet van Abu Bakr Al-Godwin: naarmate online-discussies langer worden, nadert de waarschijnlijkheid van een vergelijking met de moslims of Mohammed tot 1. |
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#28 | |
Secretaris-Generaal VN
Geregistreerd: 3 januari 2006
Locatie: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest
Berichten: 34.254
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Hebt gij iets tegen 'stukjes wilde natuur', tegen de rust en stilte die daar heersen en/of tegen de zuiverder lucht die daar in te ademen valt ? Ik zou verder gaan dan wat 'rond uw moto hangen'. Mijn 'poten' zou ik gebruiken om minstens een paar stokken in uw wielen te steken, wees daar maar zeker van, djimi Laatst gewijzigd door djimi : 4 oktober 2007 om 13:30. |
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#29 | |
Secretaris-Generaal VN
Geregistreerd: 3 januari 2006
Locatie: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest
Berichten: 34.254
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Denk je nu echt dat ik niet wéét dat er nogal wat losgeslagen gekken rondlopen die zich op de Islam beroepen om hun obsessies vrije baan te kunnen geven ? Ik wéét echter even goed dat er heel veel moslims zijn die er helemaal niet mee bezig zijn hun mening en levensgewoonten op te leggen aan andersdenkenden. Net zoals er heel veel christenen zijn die zich daar evenmin mee bezighouden. Gelukkig maar. |
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#30 | |
Parlementsvoorzitter
Geregistreerd: 12 september 2007
Locatie: Dunny On The Wold
Berichten: 2.042
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Stinkende moto... Ik heb ginder niemand horen klagen toen wij met onze stinkende, uitlaatgasverspreidende camions voedsel- en andere hulp kwamen brengen. Al een pak milieuvriendelijker dan die treinen en bussen die met drie passagiers rondtuffen... Te voet is het anders wel een eindje kappen. Ik heb meer last van vastgoedontwikkelaars die stukjes natuur komen opeisen voor hun persoonlijk gewin, volzetten met koterijen voor arrivisten die dan eens om de twee weken door de dorpen komen gevlogen met hun Porsche Cayenne. Natuurliefhebbers, dat spreekt.
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"Lead, follow, or get out of the way."
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#31 | |
Secretaris-Generaal VN
Geregistreerd: 3 januari 2006
Locatie: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest
Berichten: 34.254
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2) Dat is inderdaad nog een flink stuk erger. Daar helpen helaas geen 'stokken in de wielen' meer tegen. |
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#32 | |
Banneling
Geregistreerd: 16 januari 2007
Locatie: Mare Mortum
Berichten: 5.231
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Zelfs de meest gematigde moslim gelooft dat er gehandeld moet worden in eerste plaats naar de voorschriften van de koran. Ga je hier niet mee akkoord, dan spreek je jezelf daar tegen uit. Laatst gewijzigd door Dycore : 4 oktober 2007 om 16:18. |
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#33 |
Minister
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![]() De kans dat je daar en toen, in die ongerepte, wilde natuur Serviërs en/of Kroaten tegenkwam waren zowat onbestaande.
Dus vrijwel zeker moslims... maar ik heb het hun niet gevraagd. Opgevoede mensen weten dat ze anderen niet moeten lastig vallen.
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#34 | ||||
Minister
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Mijn uitlaat was dus gedempt en de moto maakte minder lawaai, dan de gemiddelde auto. Citaat:
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#35 |
Gouverneur
Geregistreerd: 28 mei 2006
Berichten: 1.046
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![]() [quote=Animalman;2973083]Uit eerste hand kan ik getuigen dat de oorlog in voormalig Yougoslavie voornamelijk plaats had als gevolg van eeuwenlange wederszijdse haat. Onder Tito werd onrust onderdrukt, maar de pesterijen gingen verder.
De drie presidenten dragen gelijke verantwoordelijkheid voor de wreedheden, allen hebben ze hun 'troepen' carte blanche gegeven op momenten. Die geruchten over de aanslag op de markt in Sarajevo waren er in die tijd al. Servische artilleristen golden als de besten maar dit was echt vrijwel onmogelijk. Toch is de officiële versie nooit aangevochten. Het was weer een onlogische en wrede daad in de oorlog en de belegering van Sarajevo. Niemand stelde zich er verdere vragen bij, er waren er alle dagen zo. Srebrenica is onvergeeflijk. Maar er zijn aan alle zijden gruwelijkheden begaan, dat mag niet vergeten worden. Er was geen 'aggressor' en 'slachtoffer', het was een oorlog, waarvoor de politieke verantwoordelijkheid mijns inziens vooral bij Izetbegovic lag, die ijverde voor een onafhankelijk Bosnie. Zoals in alle oorlogen was het enige echte slachtoffer de burgerbevolking, aan alle zijden. Het doodknuffelen van de moslims heeft nu ook weer als gevolg dat Europa, VS en Rusland weer tegenover elkaar komen te staan, en dat de Imperialisten van moslim-signatuur deze situatie kunnen uitbuiten. Divide et Impera. Inderdaad, slachtoffers en daders waren er bij de drie oorlogsvoerende partijen, mensen die voorheen min of meer vreedzam samenleefden en onder elkaar getrouwd waren. Maar als er een conflict uitbreekt dient men kant te kiezen. Zo waren er mensen die nooit een voet hadden gezet in een moskee en bier dronken (zoals de moslims bij wie ik logeerde in de verdeelde stad Mostar in '95) ineens moslim. De Kroaten die nu aan de andere kant van de rivier, wonen, durven de brug over de rivier niet meer over. Voorheen woonden Kroaten (christenen) en 'moslims' er gewoon door elkaar, de oorlog zorgde gewoon voor 'etnisch' zuivere gebieden. Naargelang de etnie werd men naar de ene of andere zijde van de rivier gejaagd en men nam er gewoon de huizen en appartementen in van de weggevluchte bewoners. Ten onrechte worden de Serviërs als de boosdoeners voorgesteld. De moslim Izetbegovic,die een groot Bosnië wou, heeft het meeste haar op zijn hoofd, evenals Tutjiman, allebei reeds dood vooraleer ze hun straf konden ondergaan. De Bosnische moslims stonden tijdens de tweede WO aan de zijde van de Duitse SS en werden 'Uztasie' genoemd door de Serviers, die toen door de Bosnische SS werden vermoord. De oorlog maakte bijna 1 miljoen Servische vluchtelingen (de doden hier niet bijgeteld): ze werden weggejaagd uit het deel van Bosnië dat in handen kwam van de Bosnische moslims, Bosnjakken genoemd, uit Kosovo, Kroatië en uit een deel van Sarajevo. De meeste Servische vluchtelingen werden opgevangen in Servië zelf en in Republica Servska (het andere deel van Bosnië). In Sarajevo logeerde ik net na de oorlog bij een gemengd koppel: zij was Servische en hij Kroaat. De man zei toen toen: "Milosevic is Pinochet, maar Tudjiman is Hitler." De Franse soldaten van de NAVO die er toen gelegerd waren zeiden me dat ze het meest sympathie voelden voor de Serviërs. De oorlog leidde tot 'etnisch' zuivere gebieden (dit begint met het benadrukken van 'eigen identiteit' en het zich afzetten tegen de 'ander' zoals nu veel moslimjongeren hier doen door zichzelf te identificeren met 'moslim-zijn' en daardoor erg onverdraagzaam worden ten aanzien van andersdenkenden en andersgelovigen), en een onoverbrugbare kloof tussen bevolkingsgroepen die voorheen samen leefden. In Krajina, een gebied in Bosnië waar reeds eeuwenlang Serviërs woonden, zijn op enkele dagen tijd honderdduizend Serviërs weggejaagd, zonder dat ze de tijd kregen om hun valiezen te maken. Aan Moslimzijde streden ook jihadi mee uit Saoedi-Arabië. Feit is dat er na de oorlog vele moskeeën uit de grond rezen in Sarajevo, waar de radicale islam steeds meer voet aan wal krijgt. In 1995 liepen daar geen vrouwen met hoofddoeken rond, terwijl het er nu vol loopt en het straatbeeld er volledig is veranderd. Onafhankelijkheid van Kosovo, zal deze moslimradicalisering enkel in de hand werken en de Servische minderheid zal er dan het leven volledig onmogelijk gemaakt worden. In Kosovo werden al kerken van orthodoxe Serviërs in brand gestoken door de Kosovaarse moslims. Laatst gewijzigd door Neptunus : 5 oktober 2007 om 13:17. |
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#36 |
Burgemeester
Geregistreerd: 30 maart 2005
Berichten: 558
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![]() De uitzending van Terzake zaterdag illustreerde inderdaad de trieste en uitzichtloze situatie van de Servische minderheden in Kosovo.
Er werden reeds een paar honderd Serviërs vermoord door de Albanese islamitische Kosovaren die ook historische kerkjes in brand staken of vernielden. De Serviërs in Kosovo leven nu in enclaves financieel ondersteund door Servië en beschermd door soldaten van de NAVO. Albanees is er de voertaal, ook het onderwijs is volledig op Albanese leest geschoeid en het Servisch-Kroatisch, gesproken door de Serviërs wordt er niet erkend. Indien Kosovo, de bakermat van het Servisch-orthodoxe christendom, volledig onafhankelijk zou worden, zit de kans erin dat de nu al rechteloze Serviërs worden verdreven of zelfs vermoord (indien de bescherming door de NAVO zou wegvallen). Laatst gewijzigd door marjan : 18 oktober 2007 om 18:08. |
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#37 |
Provinciaal Statenlid
Geregistreerd: 19 april 2006
Berichten: 793
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![]() Elke vrijdagavond presenteert Jan Leyers alweer een nieuw programma op Canvas, getiteld “De Weg naar Mekka”, waarin hij de gespannen relatie tussen het islamitische Oosten en het seculier-christelijke Westen tracht te begrijpen en te overbruggen. Althans dat was volgens de aankondigingen de initiële bedoeling van het TV-programma. In een interview met de gratis krant Metro neemt Jan Leyers deze week echter géén blad voor de mond en durft hij zelfs openlijk te zeggen dat de kloof eigenlijk onoverbrugbaar is en de islam allesbehalve aanvaardbaar voor het Westen. Hij spreekt zich ook sceptisch uit over de toekomst van de gematigde islam en vreest dat de “culturele genen” van de moslims nooit met die van de christenen tot een vergelijk zullen kunnen komen. Jan Leyers hekelt in het interview ook de rol van de vrouw in de islamwereld. “Een café zonder vrouwen is de grens van Europa,” klinkt het uit de mond van de gevierde zanger.
Meer over de rassenrellen van 2005 vind je in dit artikel. Jan Leyers trok gedurende drie maanden door tien Arabische landen en kwam tot de conclusie dat het water tussen onze beschaving en de islam veel dieper is, en blijft, dan de Bosphorus. Over de serie die op zoek gaat naar “de ziel van de moslim” werd bij Van Halewijck trouwens ook een boek uitgegeven. Leyers verwoordt het als volgt: Een echte filosofische “common ground” heb ik niet gevonden. Als we allebei water bij de wijn doen, komt alles wel in orde, klinkt het vaak. Maar ik vraag me nu oprecht af of dat wel echt zo is.De zanger van o.a. Soulsister vindt de islamhouding tegenover de scheiding tussen Kerk en Staat, de vrijheid van meningsuiting en de gelijkwaardigheid tussen de seksen moreel verwerpelijk. Hij springt de Nederlandse islamcriticus Paul Scheffer bij die enkele weken geleden in Knack beweerde dat het zeker geen vooruitgang genoemd kan worden dat islamieten voortaan hun vrouw enkel nog maar op maandag en woensdag mogen slagen. Jan Leyers kon ook geen “grijze zone” detecteren binnen de islam. Het zwart-wit denken binnen deze compromisloze godsdienst maakt de cohabitatie van culturen uitermate moeilijk, misschien zelfs totaal onmogelijk. De islam is een jonge godsdienst en moet tijd krijgen om zich in een moderne vorm te ontwikkelen, is een vaak gehoord argument. Maar ik betwijfel of de islam (met het primaat van de gemeenschap) en het christendom (met de nadruk op het individu) wel dezelfde cyclus en dynamisme volgen.In het Metro-interview haalt Leyers ook de islamoloog Urbain Vermeulen aan en zijn stelling dat het Turkse secularisme niets meer is dan een voorbijgaand fenomeen. Leyers vreest ook dat het gebrek aan zelfkritiek en het blinde geloof in de Koran nooit samen zullen kunnen bestaan met onze Westerse levenswijze. Volgens hem zat er zelfs in het vroegste christendom al een sterke seculiere trek ingebouwd en stimuleerde deze het zelfstandig denken, in tegenstelling tot de leer van Allah. Het is onbegrijpelijk dat de islamieten zich voor het kleinste probleem richten op de Korangeleerden en op wat de één of andere islamfilosoof in de 16de eeuw daarover gezegd zou hebben. Ik kan daar niet bij. Hoe zou paus Huppeldepup daar in 1679 over gedacht hebben? Ik heb bij de mensen ook nooit de drang gevoeld om eens buiten de vaste blokkendoos van Koran, soenna’s en hadith te kijken.Jan Leyers tracht aan de hand van paralleltrekkingen ook de absurditeit van de islamwetten aan te tonen. Volgens Leyers heeft geen enkel Evangelie ooit de basis gevormd van de arbeidswetten binnen een bedrijf, dit opnieuw geheel in tegenstelling tot de sharia en andere islamregels. De afwijzing van het kapitalisme door moslims vindt Jan Leyers onbegrijpelijk en ondergraaft volgens hem zelfs het vreedzaam leefbaar samenleven tussen de gemeenschappen, ook die in het Westen. Ik kan me echt weinig voorstellen bij een Europese islam. Het tolerante bovenlaagje bij de “gematigde” moslims is flinterdun. (…) Het is gewoon dubbel, want moslims zijn misschien wel de vriendelijkste mensen in de wereld, maar aan een nuanceloze goednieuwsshow heeft ook niemand iets. Velen zeggen dat de islam een prachtige godsdienst is en dat na de hervorming van een paar kleine details alles wel in orde zal komen, maar dat is niet mijn ervaring geweest. Kijk, voor mij is het geen kwestie van verdraagzaamheid of tolerantie, want op dat vlak ben ik zoals de Israëli’s: “Don’t ask me to love the Palestinians, but let’s make an agreement”.Als we van deze getuigenis van Jan Leyers, alumnus van hetzelfde Antwerpse Jezuïetencollege als uw dienaar, iets kunnen leren, temeer daar Leyers een onbesproken blad en een overal graag geziene gast is, dan is het toch wel een zekere reserve tegenover de islamisering van Europa. Leyers geloofde toen hij vertrok ook in de vreedzame cohabitatie tussen onze beide religies en cultuurbeschavingen, maar kwam gedegoûteerd en gedesillusioneerd terug. Laat zijn mentale klik er één zijn die we in het Westen allemaal moeten maken. Een voorstel van de moslim Khudayr Taher vind je in dit artikel. De islam is niet zomaar een godsdient parmi les autres, maar een allesomvattende visie op de mens en de maatschappij die volledig haaks staat op alles waarin wij in het Westen geloven en waarvoor wij staan. We moeten het Amerikaanse congreslid Tom Tancredo en diens voorstel om Mekka met atoomwapens te vernietigen zeker niet gaan achterna hollen, maar de integratie en/of assimilatie van moslimgemeenschappen in het Westen dringt zich wel degelijk op, en zou zéér hoog op de politieke agenda moeten staan, willen we op een dag niet ongevraagd wakker worden in een “zonder haat kalifaat”.
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multiculturele samenleving: een bonte maatschappij bestaande uit een evenwichtige verdeling van vele verscheidene culturen en religies. Hierbij bestaat dan wel respekt voor de oorspronkelijke cultuur/religie van de autochtone bevolking. De multiculturele samenleving is geen biculturele samenleving bestaande uit autochtonen en daarnaast een invasiemacht van een competitieve cultuur met uitbreidingsdrang zoals de islam. '' |
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#38 | |
Europees Commissaris
Geregistreerd: 4 september 2007
Locatie: Brabant, NL, EU
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