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#81 | |
Europees Commissaris
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![]() Citaat:
Ik sprak over een metafysische manier van denken in de wetenschappen... Dus over de manier - vanuit filosofisch oogpunt uit - hoe alles geregeld is via eeuwige buiten de natuur om bepaalde wetten, zoals Newton en Keppler bijvoorbeeld deden. Einstein en Darwin gingen echter uit van de verandering in plaats van de onveranderlijkheid. Daar ligt het verschil. Ik had het dus niet over onverifieerbaar gefilosofeer die de tegenpool vormt van de fysica - wat ook wel meta-fysica genoemd wordt. BTW, ik heb zelf fysica gestudeerd dus ik ken wel een minimum van die zaken ![]()
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#82 |
Perm. Vertegenwoordiger VN
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![]() Elke wetenschap gebruikt metafysica, causaliteit is metafysica. Het positivisme heeft een wetenschap uit de grond willen stampen zonder die causaliteit, en het heeft jammerlijk gefaald. Het bevestigde wat zo evident was: kennis is constructie, waarheid is afhankelijk van de context en categorieën.
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#83 |
Minister
Geregistreerd: 8 mei 2005
Berichten: 3.659
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![]() Nee,de onderdrukking is een stuk verfijnder waardoor de onderdrukten geen besef hebben van de onderdrukking,wat een verbetering voor de onderdrukkers want zo is alle vorm van opstand onbestand.
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De profiteurs,dat zijn deze met zwembaden in hun tuinen,te veel autos op hun opritten enz |
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#84 |
Perm. Vertegenwoordiger VN
Geregistreerd: 22 juli 2004
Berichten: 16.218
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![]() ik ga voor een keer akkoord met guerin
In de ME hadden ze zelfs een vorm van sociale zekerheid en wederzijdse contractwerking (belastingen in natura vs. bescherming tegen rovers en hulp in hongersnood). In de industriele revolutie zijn de arbeiders niet meer dan grondstoffen voor hun machinerie in gang te houden. Een gratis grondstof aangezien het werklozenleger in voldoende mate aanwezig is. Ik ken ook geen enkele bourgeois elitelid dat terug naar de ME wilt. Snapt ge nu uw vergelijkingsprobleem? Laatst gewijzigd door Ambiorix : 26 februari 2007 om 12:23. |
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#85 |
Secretaris-Generaal VN
Geregistreerd: 27 juni 2005
Berichten: 42.814
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![]() Alles is een schaarte, ook werknemers.
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Born but to die, and reas'ning but to err. (Pope)
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#86 | |
Europees Commissaris
Geregistreerd: 3 juli 2003
Locatie: Antwerpen-Deurne
Berichten: 7.132
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![]() Citaat:
efektivigxas efektivighas efektivig'as ... bovendien de "x" vorm ipv de ^ is de meest gebruikte. De omzetting van zijn klavier op Esperanto-tekens veroorzaakt helaas dat die tekens op sommige computers vervormd overkomen, vandaar dat ik doe zoals de meesten : de "x" gebruiken.. Altijd geïntresseerd in andere oplossingen ! Tweede paragraaf van het artikel door Gramsci La partianoj de la unika lingvo zorgas pri tio, ke dum en la mondo estas ioma kvanto da homoj kiuj volus interkomoniki senpere, ekzistas senfina nombro da diversaj lingvoj, kiuj limigas la komunikan potencialon. Cxi tiu estas zorgo kosmopolita, ne internacia, de burgxuloj kiu vojagxas pro aferoj aux amuzo, de nomadoj, pli ol de civitanoj stabile produktemaj. Cxi tiuj volus arbitre naski sekvojn, kiuj ankoraux ne havas la bezonatajn kondicxojn, kaj cxar ilia agado estas nur arbitra, ili sikcesas nur perdigi tempon kaj energiojn al tiuj, kiuj konsideras ilin serioze. Ili volus artefare estigi lingvon definitive rigidigitan, kiu ne havu sxangxojn en la spaco kaj en la tempo, kaj tiel ili komozoas kun la lingvoscienco, kiu instruas, ke lingvo estas en si mem esprimo de beleco pli ol rimedo de komunikado, kaj ke la historio de la sukceso kaj de la disvastigxo de iu aparta lingvo strikte dependas de la kompleksa socia agado de la popolo, kiu gxin parolas.
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Deze gebruikersnaam wordt niet meer benut - maar wel mijn werkelijke naam : Roger Verhiest |
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#87 |
Minister-President
Geregistreerd: 15 december 2005
Berichten: 5.362
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#88 |
Minister
Geregistreerd: 1 juni 2006
Locatie: Gent
Berichten: 3.288
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![]() Wisten de forumleden dat je alle teksen van Gramsi in het Engels kan lezen op
http://www.marxists.org/archive/gramsci/ en http://soc.qc.cuny.edu/gramsci/ ? Er is ook een Gramsci-society, waar ik dit meer recnte artikel vond over Gramsci, Moderniteit en Globalisatie. Een extract hieruit dat misschien relevant is in het licht van de discissie over de ME en de Industrieële Revolutie: "Modernity, civilisation and capitalism With regard to political economy our general hypothesis is that since the eighteenth century there has been an acceleration in the scope and intensity of change within given socio-political frameworks of modernity (e.g. the integral nation-state and inter-state system, the spread and deepening of capital as a social relation, the processes of industrialisation and rationalisation) as well as a shift in inter-subjectivities associated with this process.[4] In this section then, we can only briefly highlight some of the more significant changes that have occurred over the past three centuries, for example in social and cultural terms, and the way that such changes may alter the nature of our lived reality, or our ontological frameworks of experience. One change is the shift from country to town and the rise of more urbanised patterns of settlement and civilization. Indeed, Eric Hobsbawm notes that this form of structural change within modernity has involved, at least in the OECD, the virtual elimination of the peasantry as a class - perhaps the most profound social change in the last millennium. More recently, urban civilisation has also involved a profound social and cultural revolution. Since 1945 this has been associated with unprecedented affluence, especially in the OECD.[5] In an era of mass education, and mass communication, the massive increases in productive power have also been linked to the emergence of a global youth culture and the emergence of feminist and other social movements. Within the broad transformations associated with the onset of modernity, then, our more immediate considerations stem from a growing appreciation that we may be in the midst of an ontological change or shift: a redefinition of understandings and experiences that form basic components of our lived reality. This includes our mental frameworks - for example the way that we think about social institutions and forms of political authority in the brave new world of a globalizing capitalism that appears triumphant after the collapse of the USSR and other communist-ruled states.[6] Gramsci took a longer historical view of global structural change. He linked it to a conceptualisation of modernity that was associated with new modes of rationality and concepts of the political. Moreover, he saw the emergence of modernity not just in terms of the rise of capital and the self-regulating market society, with its commodification of land, labour and money. For Gramsci, the rise of capital and modernity involved new civilizational forms. For Gramsci, the original bourgeois revolutions in Europe were constructed on the spread of Enlightenment ideas and practices and to cultural forces that later became associated with the incipient market society: The Enlightenment was a magnificent revolution in itself and as De Sanctis acutely notes in his History of Italian Literature, it gave all Europe a bourgeois spiritual International in the form of a unified consciousness, one which was sensitive to all the woes and misfortunes of the common people, and which was the best possible preparation for the bloody revolt that followed in France.What Gramsci was describing was an authentic revolution that had a hegemonic appeal. That is, to an extent it incorporated the interests of the subordinate or subaltern groups in society in a forward-looking and emancipatory political project. Gramsci suggests that it was based on “a unified consciousness, one which was sensitive to all the woes and misfortunes of the common people”. Whether we agree with the historical accuracy of this assessment or not, the key point here lies in the method Gramsci is using to analyse a historical transformation. That is to say, Gramsci understands that the question of a sudden and apparently spontaneous revolutionary change is linked to deeper historical roots, and that the question of the historical formation of political subjectivity and consciousness is central to historical change. In other words, the political innovations associated with the French Revolution (for example as reflected in the Republicanism of Tom Paine) rested upon the transformations in consciousness and in the notions of the political subject that had been developing through the Enlightenment. Thus in his analysis of the relationship between the Enlightenment and the rise of bourgeois power Gramsci was also indicating the origins of a particular European civilizational form that served to change politics and social life in an earlier form of “globalisation”. This change was coincident with the emergence of modern industrial capitalism, and the deepening of capitalist social relations in England (the onset of intensive change) with their extension globally (the creation of a world market order). Central to this was not technological innovation as such. More importantly it involved a process of theoretical and political innovation that was partly inspired by the ideas of Adam Smith (and others like Ricardo), and also by the ideas of Bentham and the utilitarians and used by an instrumental state apparatus with considerable coercive power.[8] Thus the creation of the market society with its associated ideology of “improvement” - an entirely new form of society with its new forms of social experience - drew on a strong and reorganised liberal state that could roll-back mercantilist regulations and practices in a process that today would be called “systemic transformation” (for example the role of the IMF and World Bank in the former communist-ruled countries of eastern Europe).[9] In eighteenth and nineteenth century England, nature, people and the means of exchange were progressively redefined through political action so that they became part of a new social ontology (which Karl Polanyi called the “fictitious commodities” of land, labour and capital) that was underpinned by new structures of law and constitutional practice. These “fictions” therefore became real insofar as they were treated politically and legally, as well as being thought of as if they were factors of production, a process that was extended geographically and given more depth socially as the new global market order was constructed. In sum, this change involved the emergence of a new social ontology and thus a new structure of experience that was partly produced by political action." Stephen Gill http://www.italnet.nd.edu/gramsci/re...les/index.html
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Be an independent thinker. There is no other kind. |
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#89 |
Minister-President
Geregistreerd: 15 december 2005
Berichten: 5.362
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![]() 27 maart, 19u30 Masereelhuis in Gent!
is dat nu zo moeilijk om te begrijpen? |
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#90 | ||
Provinciaal Statenlid
Geregistreerd: 8 augustus 2002
Berichten: 682
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![]() Citaat:
Citaat:
Dus als een wetenschapper gelooft dat zijn eigen theorie eeuwig en onveranderlijk is, denkt hij volgens u op een manier jij "metafysisch" noemt. * kun je aantonen dat Newton op deze manier dacht? * kun je aantonen dat Kepler op deze manier dacht? * kun je aantonen dat Darwin niet op deze manier dacht? * kun je aantonen dat Einstein niet op deze manier dacht? Ik denk dat we hier te maken hebben met een arbitrair criterium dat jij aanbrengt tussen Newton en Darwin. Hierover zouden we dan de respectievelijke biografische informatie moeten raadplegen. Verder vraag ik mij af, waartoe heel dit onderscheid in feite moet leiden? |
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#91 |
Perm. Vertegenwoordiger VN
Geregistreerd: 2 mei 2004
Berichten: 11.386
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![]() Het gaat niet over die wetenschappers naar hun theorie kijken, maar over hun theorie zelf. De 'machine'-wetenschap van Newton en Kepler is nl. anders qua karakter dan Einsteins relativiteit (ea) en Darwins evolutie. Waar de eerste twee met deterministische, causale, mechanische constructies werken, gaat het bij die twee andere om, zoals Jonas dus duidelijk zei, verandering.
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#92 | |
Europees Commissaris
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![]() Citaat:
De hele zaak heeft trouwens voor een groot stuk met tijdsgeest te maken - en niet met de persoonlijke karaktertrekken van de heren in kwestie.
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![]() Laatst gewijzigd door Jonas Elossov : 26 februari 2007 om 21:53. |
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#93 |
Minister
Geregistreerd: 1 juni 2006
Locatie: Gent
Berichten: 3.288
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![]() Als jullie zo beginnen, dan kan het niet anders of jullie zijn intellectuelen.
Gramsci over de intellectuelen: " Introduction by Q. Hoare and G. N. Smith The central argument of Gramsci’s essay on the formation of the intellectuals is simple. The notion of “the intellectuals” as a distinct social category independent of class is a myth. All men are potentially intellectuals in the sense of having an intellect and using it, but not all are intellectuals by social function. Intellectuals in the functional sense fall into two groups. In the first place there are the “traditional” professional intellectuals, literary, scientific and so on, whose position in the interstices of society has a certain inter-class aura about it but derives ultimately from past and present class relations and conceals an attachment to various historical class formations. Secondly, there are the “organic” intellectuals the thinking and organising element of a particular fundamental-social class. These organic intellectuals are distinguished less by their profession, which may be any job characteristic of their class, than by their function in directing the ideas and aspirations of the class to which they organically belong. The implications of this highly original schema bear on all aspects of Gramsci’s thought. Philosophically they connect with the proposition that “all men are philosophers” and with Gramsci’s whole discussion of the dissemination of philosophical ideas and of ideology within a given culture. They relate to Gramsci’s ideas on Education in their stress on the democratic character of the intellectual function, but also on the class character of the formation of intellectuals through school. They also underlie his study of history and particularly of the Risorgimento, in that the intellectuals, in the wide sense of the word, are seen by Gramsci as performing an essential mediating function in the struggle of class forces. Most important of all, perhaps, are the implications for the political struggle. Social Democracy, following Kautsky, has tended to see the relationship between workers and intellectuals in the Socialist movement in formal and mechanistic terms, with the intellectuals – refugees from the bourgeois class – providing theory and ideology (and often leadership) for a mass base of non-intellectuals, i.e. workers. This division of labour within the movement was vigorously contested by Lenin, who declares, in What is to be Done, that in the revolutionary party “all distinctions as between workers and intellectuals... must be obliterated”. Lenin’s attitude to the problem of the intellectuals is closely connected with his theory of the vanguard party, and when he writes about the need for socialist consciousness to be brought to the working class from outside, the agency he foresees for carrying this out is not the traditional intelligentsia but the revolutionary party itself, in which former workers and former professional intellectuals of bourgeois origin have been fused into a single cohesive unit. Gramsci develops this Leninist schema in a new way, relating it to the problems of the working class as a whole. The working class, like the bourgeoisie before it, is capable of developing from within its ranks its own organic intellectuals, and the function of the political party, whether mass or vanguard, is that of channelling the activity of these organic intellectuals and providing a link between the class and certain sections of the traditional intelligentsia. The organic intellectuals of the working class are defined on the one hand by their role in production and in the organisation of work and on the other by their “directive” political role, focused on the Party. It is through this assumption of conscious responsibility, aided by absorption of ideas and personnel from the more advanced bourgeois intellectual strata, that the proletariat can escape from defensive corporatism and economism and advance towards hegemony." http://www.marxists.org/archive/gram...ellectuals.htm
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Be an independent thinker. There is no other kind. |
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#94 |
Minister
Geregistreerd: 1 juni 2006
Locatie: Gent
Berichten: 3.288
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![]() Dus, de Gramsciaanse organische intellectueel beschouwt zich niet als onderdeel van een leninistische voorhoede (vanguard), maar als een deel van de massa.
"All men are intellectuals, one could therefore say: but not all men have in society the function of intellectuals. When one distinguishes between intellectuals and non-intellectuals, one is referring in reality only to the immediate social function of the professional category of the intellectuals, that is, one has in mind the direction in which their specific professional activity is weighted, whether towards intellectual elaboration or towards muscular-nervous effort. This means that, although one can speak of intellectuals, one cannot speak of non-intellectuals, because non-intellectuals do not exist. But even the relationship between efforts of intellectual-cerebral elaboration and muscular-nervous effort is not always the same, so that there are varying degrees of specific intellectual activity. There is no human activity from which every form of intellectual participation can be excluded: homo faber cannot be separated from homo sapiens.[7] Each man, finally, outside his professional activity, carries on some form of intellectual activity, that is, he is a “philosopher”, an artist, a man of taste, he participates in a particular conception of the world, has a conscious line of moral conduct, and therefore contributes to sustain a conception of the world or to modify it, that is, to bring into being new modes of thought." http://www.marxists.org/archive/gram...ellectuals.htm
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Be an independent thinker. There is no other kind. |
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#95 |
Minister
Geregistreerd: 8 mei 2005
Berichten: 3.659
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![]() en meer,het systeem is gebaseerd op schaarte bv toestellen mogen maar een paar jaren functionneren om er niuwe te verkopen en werk wordt gespecialiseerd om domme werknemers aan het werk te zetten.
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De profiteurs,dat zijn deze met zwembaden in hun tuinen,te veel autos op hun opritten enz |
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#96 |
Minister
Geregistreerd: 8 mei 2005
Berichten: 3.659
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![]() Denk je te leven is een sociaal paradijs?De lonen moeten naar beneden is het huidige orde woord.
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De profiteurs,dat zijn deze met zwembaden in hun tuinen,te veel autos op hun opritten enz |
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#97 |
Minister-President
Geregistreerd: 15 december 2005
Berichten: 5.362
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#98 | ||||
Provinciaal Statenlid
Geregistreerd: 8 augustus 2002
Berichten: 682
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![]() Citaat:
Citaat:
Citaat:
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Darwin stelt ook bijvoorbeeld "vaste wetten" op waarlangs de verandering van soorten verklaard wordt, terwijl Newton op gelijkaardige wijze "vaste wetten" opstelt waarlangs de verandering van posities hemellichamen verklaard wordt. (hoewel Newton zijn theorie wiskundig is uitgedrukt). Laatst gewijzigd door sancho : 27 februari 2007 om 19:06. |
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#99 |
Minister
Geregistreerd: 8 mei 2005
Berichten: 3.659
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![]() Zo is dat maar weet je ook waarom?
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De profiteurs,dat zijn deze met zwembaden in hun tuinen,te veel autos op hun opritten enz Laatst gewijzigd door guerin : 27 februari 2007 om 19:18. |
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#100 |
Minister-President
Geregistreerd: 15 december 2005
Berichten: 5.362
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![]() omdat niemand nog mag werken, tiens...
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