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Banneling
Geregistreerd: 15 juni 2004
Berichten: 2.922
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Engelstalige uitleg over de kwestie rond Tsjechovlovakije :
Citaat:
Czechoslovakia was born from the chaos of WWI from the former Austrian-Hungarian Empire.
On March 4, 1919, the Austrian National Assembly convened its first session in Vienna. Czech troops forcibly prevented the participation of Sudeten German representatives. In large-scale demonstrations the public now demanded freedom and democracy, and that right to self-determination which the Allies had declared to be one of their own aims of the war. The Sudeten Germans congregated at these proclamations unarmed, informed by their faith in their right. But then on Czech orders, Czechs in uniform shot at those gathered together. With hand grenades and gunfire came the screams of those mortally wounded - 54 dead and hundreds of injured remained lying in the streets. Among the places where this happened were Arnau, Aussig, Eger, Kaaden, Mies, Karlsbad, Sternberg and Freudenthal. The 54 dead included 20 women and girls, an 80-year-old man, one youth of 16, one of 13 and one only eleven years old.
After March 4, another 53 Germans fell victim to Czech bullets. More than 2,000 gravely wounded were taken to hospitals. That was the beginning of the sham democracy in the new nation of Czechoslovakia, where self-determination afforded the Czechs and denied Sudenten Germans, Slovakians, Hungarians, Poles and Ruthenians. The beginning of, until 1938, 7 million Czechs having rights and status it denied 8 million others.
In elections on April 22, 1938, the Sudenten German Party wins 91.44% of all German votes. Two days later, on April 24, the Party Convention takes place in Karlsbad, and Konrad Henlein announces his famous Points of the Karlsbad Program that may have saved any Third Reich involvement:
1. Acknowledgment of the Sudeten German ethnic group as legal entity to maintain this status of equality within the state.
2. Definition and acknowledgment of the German settlement area.
3. Development of a German self-administration in the German settlement area, relevant to all aspects of public life insofar as they pertain to interests and concerns of the German ethnic group.
4. Institution of legal measures for the protection of those citizens living outside the closed settlement area of their ethnic group.
5. Elimination of the injustices inflicted on the Sudeten Germans since 1918, and rectification of the harm and damage already sustained through these injustices.
6. Acknowledgment and implementation of this matter of principle: German civil servants for the German areas.
7. Full freedom to acknowledge and maintain our German ethnicity and our German world view."
8. Full equality of rights and status with the Czech people.
These points do not have any mention of separation or breaking away. These points were dismissed by the Czechs. Which leads us to the annexation of the Sudenten German lands. The boundary region which encompased the Sudenten Germans was called the Protectorate boundary and corresponded precisely with the linguistic boundary between German and Czech, and the votes of 98.9% of the Sudeten Germans confirmed this at the plebiscite of December 4, 1938.
After this, the Czech government was supposed to solve the problem of the other minorities, the Slovakians, Ruthenians, Hungarians and even Poles, but it did nothing.
Hitler's September 26, 1938 speech in the Berlin Sportpalast concerning the Czech minority problems stated:
"... and further, I have assured him [Chamberlain] that in the very instant when Czechoslovakia solves its problems - that is, when Czechoslovakia has dealt with its minorities, and peacefully so, not by oppression - in that instant I will lose all interest in the Czech state and we will guarantee its borders. We don't want any Czechs, but we do want a full, satisfactory and final settlement of the minority question, no uneasy compromises, and absolutely no constant trouble spot at the heart of Europe."
Slovak President Josef Tiso called on Hitler on March 13, 1939 to request his aid and support in achieving independence for Slovakia, the Slovak Parliament, convened by Tiso and Dr. Durssansky, unanimously voted for independence from Prague on March 14, 1939. With that, the Czech republic fell apart and all the guarantees given by England and France lapsed, as did those promised by Germany and Italy for after the resolution of the minority problems. The Munich Agreement was void because the Czechs did not peacefully and unoppresively deal with the minorities in its nation and thus the minorities took it upon themselves to solve being oppressed.
Most modern accounts of the deterioration of the Czech state say that Hitler ordered the Czech President Hacha to Berlin to accept Hitler's demands or terms. This is untrue. Secretary of State Otto Meissner, who was present at discussions with President Hacha stated: "The initiative for Hacha's and his Foreign Minister Chvalkovsky's trip to Berlin came strictly from the Czech side." What is particularly significant about Meissner's report is that Hacha's and Chvalkovsky's trip to Berlin followed an explicit decision by the Cabinet when he elected, on the evening of March 13, 1939, to request a personal discussion of the political situation.
On 15 March 1939, Hitler and Hacha made the following agreement :
Citaat:
Agreement between the Führer and the Czechoslovakian State President Dr. Hacha, 15 March 1939
The Führer and Reich Chancellor today has received in Berlin, in the presence of the Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs von Ribbentropp, the Czechoslovakian State President Dr. Hacha and the Czechoslovakian Foreign Minister Dr. Chvalkovsky at their request. At the meeting the serious situation resulting from the events of the past weeks in the former Czechoslovakian state area has been subjected to an open examination. On both sides the conviction has been unanimously expressed that the objective of all efforts must be the security of calm, order and peace in this portion of Central Europe. The Czechoslovakian State President has declared that he, in order to promote this goal and to achieve a definitive pacification, trustingly places the fate of the Czech people and land in the hands of the Führer of the German Reich. The Führer has accepted this declaration and expressed his resolve that he will take the Czech people under the protection of the German Reich and guarantee it, in accordance with its characteristics, an autonomous development of its folkish life.
In documentation thereof, this document has been signed in duplicate.
Berlin, 15 March 1939.
signed.: Adolf Hitler,
signed: Ribbentropp,
signed: Dr. E. Hacha,
signed: Dr. Chvalkovsky
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Once the Reich proclaimed Moravia and Bohemia a protectorate, it was issued that:
"Neues Staatsrecht II", issue 13/2, by Dr. W. Stuskart and Rolf Schiedermair, respectively the Secretary of State and the Assistant Department Head in the Reich Ministry of the Interior, on p. 90 of the 19th edition published by Verlag Kohlhammer in Leipzig in 1944:
"Administration of the Protectorate.
Citaat:
It is part of the National Socialist view of people, ethnicity and race, to respect the ethnicity of foreign peoples. From this view, which is fundamentally different from that of the ruling power in former Czechoslovakia, it follows that the Reich guarantees the Czech people the autonomous development of their national life in accordance with their own unique nature.
1. The Protectorate is autonomous and administers itself. Within the framework of the sovereign jurisdiction to which the Protectorate is entitled, it exercises its autonomy in accordance with the political, military and economic interests of the Reich (Article 3):
i. Besides the head of state, the Protectorate has its own government, and other branches and divisions to exercise its sovereign rights. It is also up to the members of the Protectorate to determine their form of government. The Czech people may create for themselves the form of government which best suits their national character.
ii. The Protectorate has its own flag.
iii. The autonomous administration is carried out via the Protectorate's own authorities, with their own officials. These officials are not Reich officials: they are not sworn in with an oath of allegiance to the Führer.
iv. The Protectorate has its own legal system.
v. The Protectorate may muster its own units (7,000 men) to maintain internal security and order." In essence, what the Czechs in the Protectorate were legally guaranteed was exactly those rights which the leader of the Sudeten Germans, Konrad Henlein, had requested in his well-known Eight Points on April 24, 1938 in the 44-member Parliament at Prague, but had never been granted.
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12 april 2007, 10:31
Idioot!
