Alweer 16 Doden bij schietpartij op school (Deutschland!)

[Tavek]

Press Releases
2007 Releases
States With Higher Levels of Gun Ownership Have Higher Homicide Rates

For immediate release: January 11, 2007

Boston, MA -- Firearms are used to kill two out of every three homicide victims in America. In the first nationally representative study to examine the relationship between survey measures of household firearm ownership and state level rates of homicide, researchers at the Harvard Injury Control Research Center found that homicide rates among children, and among women and men of all ages, are higher in states where more households have guns. The study appears in the February 2007 issue of Social Science and Medicine. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.09.024

Matthew Miller, Assistant Professor of Health Policy and Injury Prevention at Harvard School of Public Health, and his colleagues David Hemenway and Deborah Azrael, used survey data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, the world’s largest telephone survey with over 200,000 respondents nationwide. Respondents in all 50 states were asked whether any firearms were kept in or around their home. The survey found that approximately one in three American households reported firearm ownership.

Analyses that controlled for several measures of resource deprivation, urbanization, aggravated assault, robbery, unemployment, and alcohol consumption found that states with higher rates of household firearm ownership had significantly higher homicide victimization rates for children, and for women and men. In these analyses, states within the highest quartile of firearm prevalence had firearm homicide rates 114% higher than states within the lowest quartile of firearm prevalence. Overall homicide rates were 60% higher. The association between firearm prevalence and homicide was driven by gun-related homicide rates; non-gun-related homicide rates were not significantly associated with rates of firearm ownership.

These results suggest that it is easier for potential homicide perpetrators to obtain a gun in states where guns are more prevalent. “Our findings suggest that in the United States, household firearms may be an important source of guns used to kill children, women and men, both on the street and in their homes,” said Miller.

This study was supported by the Joyce Foundation.

Miller M., Hemenway D., Azrael D. "State-level homicide victimization rates in the US in relation to survey measures of household firearm ownership 2001-2003”
Soc Sci Med. 2007 Feb;64(3):656-64. Epub 2006 Oct 27.

For further information contact:

Robin Herman [email protected]

(617) 432-4388

Dit gaat over een latere publicatie, Harvard School of Health, niet de minste.

edit: een foutje in de cp...scuzi.

[Tavek]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Fallen Angel

Diezelfde studie kan je ook maken over auto's.

In steden waar meer auto's zijn zijn er meer ongelukken met auto's.
Doch zij voorzien gemakkelijk transport.

In plaatsen waar meer vuurwapens zijn zijn er meer ongelukken met wapens.
Doch zij zorgen voor vermindering van criminaliteit.

Je moet dus auto ongelukken afwegen tegen gemakkelijkheid van transport en ongelukken met wapens tegen verminderde criminaliteit.


Je moet het hele plaatje bekijken en niet afkomen met gemakkelijke trukken:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_The_Children_(politics)

Een Wikipedia quote accepteer ik niet als argument als het over ethische vragen gaat aangezien er weinig tot geen controle is over de inhoud. Kortom, deze quote kan biased zijn (en is dat waarschijnlijk ook).

[Fallen Angel]

http://www.justfacts.com/guncontrol.asp

Crime and Self Defense

* In the United States during 1997, there were 15,289 murders. Of these, 10,369 were committed with firearms. (2)

* In the United States during 1997, there were approximately 7,927,000 violent crimes. Of these, 691,000 were committed with firearms. (12)

* As of 1992, for every 14 violent crimes (murder, rape, etc…) committed in the United States, one person is sentenced to prison. (62)

* As of 1992, average length of imprisonment for:



Murder


10.0 years

Rape


7.6 years

Aggravated Assault


3.4 years

(63)



* In the early/mid 1990's, criminals on parole or early release from prison committed about 5,000 murders, 17,000 rapes, and 200,000 robberies a year. (3)

* Americans use firearms to defend themselves from criminals at least 764,000 times a year. This figure is the lowest among a group of 9 nationwide surveys done by organizations including Gallup and the Los Angeles Times. (16b)

* In 1982, a survey of imprisoned criminals found that 34% of them had been "scared off, shot at, wounded or captured by an armed victim." (16c)



* Washington D.C. enacted a virtual ban on handguns in 1976. Between 1976 and 1991, Washington D.C.'s homicide rate rose 200%, while the U.S. rate rose 12%. (1)

Right-To-Carry Laws



* Right-to-carry laws require law enforcement agencies to issue handgun permits to all qualified applicants. Qualifications include criteria such as age, a clean criminal record, and completing a firearm safety course. (13)

* In 1986, nine states had right-to-carry laws. (14)


* As of 1998, 31 states have right-to-carry laws, and about half the U.S. population lives in these states. (3)


* Florida adopted a right-to-carry law in 1987. At the time the law was passed, critics predicted increases in violence. The founder of the National Organization of Women, Betty Friedan stated:



"lethal violence, even in self defense, only engenders more violence." (13)



* When the law went into effect, the Dade County Police began a program to record all arrest and non arrest incidents involving concealed carry licensees. Between September of 1987 and August of 1992, Dade County recorded 4 crimes committed by licensees with firearms. None of these crimes resulted in an injury. The record keeping program was abandoned in 1992 because there were not enough incidents to justify tracking them. (13)(15)

* Florida adopted a right-to-carry law in 1987. Between 1987 and 1996, these changes occurred:




Florida


United States

homicide rate


-36%


-0.4%

firearm homicide rate


-37%


+15%

handgun homicide rate


-41%


+24%

(3)


* 221,443 concealed carry licenses were issued in Florida between October of 1987 and April of 1994. During that time, Florida recorded 18 crimes committed by licensees with firearms. (15)

* As of 1998, nationwide, there has been 1 recorded incident in which a permit holder shot someone following a traffic accident. The permit holder was not charged, as the grand jury ruled the shooting was in self defense. (7)

* As of 1998, no permit holder has ever shot a police officer. There have been several cases in which a permit holder has protected an officer's life. (7)


Brady Bill



* The Brady Bill was implemented on February 28, 1994. This law established a national 5 business day waiting period on handgun purchases through licensed dealers. It also required local authorities to conduct background checks on handgun purchasers. The majority of Democrats voted for this bill and the majority of Republicans voted against it. Bill Clinton signed it into law. (18)(19)

* In July of 1997, the Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional for the federal government to require states to perform Brady Bill background checks. At that point, 27 states had laws requiring similar background checks and 23 states did not. (20)

* As of December of 1998, an amendment to the Brady Bill replaced the five business day waiting period with a national "instant" felon ID system. Dealers are required to conduct this background check on all gun purchases, not just handgun purchases. This amendment was added to the Brady Bill before the law was voted out of Congress. The majority of Republicans voted for this amendment and the majority of Democrats voted against it. (18)(19)

* During the first 17 months of the Brady Bill, 7 people were convicted of illegal attempts to buy handguns. (17)

* Between implementation of the Brady Bill in March 1994 and year end 1997, there have been 242,000 background checks that have denied prospective purchasers permission to buy a handgun from licensed gun dealers. Out of these, 9 people have been convicted of illegal attempts to buy handguns. (21)(22)

* In the early 1990's, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms reported that 7% of armed career criminals obtain firearms from licensed gun shops. (3)

* The Brady Bill was implemented in February of 1994. In 1997, the number of violent crimes committed with firearms had fallen 25% since 1994, while the overall number of violent crimes had declined 14%. (18)(23)



Assault Weapons



* The "Assault Weapons Ban" was enacted on September 14, 1994. The majority of Democrats voted for it, and the majority of Republicans voted against it. Bill Clinton signed it into law. (24)(19)

* This bill banned the manufacture, possession, and importation of semiautomatic assault weapons for civilian use. Guns manufactured before September 14th, 1994 were grandfathered. Guns manufactured after this date (for use by the military, police, and government agencies) must be marked with the date they are manufactured. (24)(41)(47)

* To identify an assault weapon, this bill uses objective criteria, along with a list of 19 specific guns. (24)

* For example, semiautomatic rifles which accept a detachable magazine are classified as "assault weapons" if they have two of the five following features: folding stock, pistol grip, bayonet mount, grenade launcher, threaded barrel for flash suppressor. (24)

* An assault weapon, as defined by this bill, does not include fully automatic machine guns. Since 1934, a civilian must obtain permission from the U.S. Treasury to legally own a fully automatic weapon. (3)(64)

* In April of 1999, Bill and Hillary Clinton held a press conference on gun control legislation. Hillary Clinton stated:

"And since the crime bill was enacted, 19 of the deadliest assault weapons are harder to find on our streets. We will never know how many tragedies we've avoided because of these efforts." (25)


* Assault weapons were involved in less than 1% of homicides before the assault weapons ban took effect in 1994. The same is true as of 1998. (3)

* As of 1998, about 13% of homicides involve knives, 5% involve bludgeons, and 6% are committed with hands and feet. (3)

* The Clinton administration prosecuted 4 people in 1997 and 4 people in 1998 for violating the assault weapons ban. (22)


Armor Piercing Bullets



* Armor piercing bullets have been referred to in the media as "cop killers." (37)



* In October of 1996, Bill Clinton met with the widow of Police Officer Jerome Harrison Seaberry. Later that day at a political event, Clinton stated:



“I still think we ought to ban those bullets that are built only for one purpose, to pierce the bullet-proof vests that our police officers wear. I don't see why we need those things out there. Let me tell you, we just started this program two years ago, as I said, when I signed the Crime Bill in 1994. Today, I met with the first -- the family of the first one of the police officers hired under our Crime Bill, killed in the line of duty. I met here in Louisiana, in Lake Charles I met with that officer's widow and two beautiful, beautiful young sons. And I thought to myself, you know, if people like these folks here are going to put their lives on the line for us, the least we can do is tell them if they put on a bullet-proof vest, it will protect them from being killed. That's the least we can do for them.” (66) (67)



* Officer Seaberry was killed in a car crash. No guns or bullets were involved. (68)



* As of 1998, no law enforcement officer has ever been killed because an armor-piercing bullet defeated a bulletproof vest. (3)



School Shootings



* Federal law 18 USC Section 922 generally prohibits anyone under 18 from possessing a handgun. It also prohibits licensed firearm dealers and collectors from selling handguns to anyone under 21 years of age. (41)



* Laws in the United States generally prohibit the sale, possession, or use of cocaine. About 200,000 American children, age 12-17 used cocaine in 1997. About 2.5 million 12-17 year olds (11.4%) used an illicit drug in 1997. (37)(43)



* Federal law 18USC Section 922 generally prohibits civilians from having guns in school zones. (41)(51)



* Seven days after the 1999 Columbine school massacre in which 12 students and a teacher were murdered, Bill and Hillary Clinton held a press conference on gun control legislation. Bill Clinton stated:



"And we smile about that, but there are some people who would be on this platform today who lost their seats in 1994 because they voted for the Brady Bill and they voted for the assault weapons ban, and they did it in areas where people could be frightened."

"Do we know for absolutely certain that if we had every reasonable law and the ones I'm going to propose here that none of these school violence things would have happened? No. But we do know one thing for certain; we know there would have been fewer of them, and there would have been fewer kids killed in the last several years in America. We know that for certain. We know that." (Applause) (25)



* In about 5 years since enactment of the Brady Bill and Assault Weapons Ban in 1993, there have been 9 "school massacres." (53)



* About 6,000 children were caught with guns at school in 1997 and 1998. Out of these, 13 were prosecuted by the Clinton administration Justice Department. (52)



* In October of 1997, sixteen-year-old Luke Woodham stabbed his mother to death and then went to school with a rifle where he shot 9 students, killing 2 of them. Assistant Principal Joel Myrick raced to his car, retrieved a .45 caliber handgun, and used it to subdue Woodham until police arrived. (51)(53)

Accidents



* 1995 Fatal Accident Totals



Motor Vehicles


43,900

Falls


12,600

Poisonings


10,600

Drownings


4,500

Fires


4,100

Choking


2,800

Firearm


1,400 (1.5% of fatal accidents)



* For Children 14 and Under


Motor Vehicles


3,059

Drownings


1,024

Fires


883

Choking


213

Firearm


181 (2.7% of fatal accidents)

Falls


127

Poisonings


80

(8)


* There were 259 fatal firearm accidents for 15-19 year olds in 1995. (8)

* There were 6,319 fatal motor vehicle accidents for 15-20 year olds in 1996. (9)

* As of 1998, 37,000 National Rifle Association (NRA) Instructors and Coaches are conducting firearm safety and proficiency programs that reach nearly 700,000 participants a year. (8)

* In 1988, The NRA developed a gun safety program for schoolchildren (pre-K through 6th grade). As of 1998, the program has reached about 10 million children. The goal of the program is to teach children what to do if they should encounter a firearm. Children are taught to "STOP! Don't Touch. Leave the Area. Tell an Adult." (8)

* The NRA's 3 rules of gun safety are:
1) Always keep the gun pointed in a safe direction (whether loaded or unloaded).
2) Always keep your finger off the trigger until ready to shoot.
3) Always keep the gun unloaded until ready to shoot. (8)


Constitution



* In the Bill of Rights, the second amendment to the Constitution reads:



"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed."



* Gun control proponents have argued that the use of the word "people" in this Amendment, refers not to the civilian population of the United States, but to the State National Guard Units. (54)

* Gun rights proponents have argued that the use of the word "Militia" in this Amendment, refers not to the State National Guard Units, but to the citizens of the United States. (54)

* James Madison was responsible for proposing the Second Amendment and was one of three authors of the Federalist Papers, a group of essays published in newspapers to explain and lobby for ratification of the Constitution. (55)(56)

* In Federalist Paper 46, James Madison argued that a standing federal army could not be capable of conducting a coup to take over the nation. He estimated that based on the country's population at the time, a federal standing army could not field more than 25,000 - 30,000 men. He wrote:



"To these would be opposed a militia amounting to near half a million of citizens with arms in their hands, officered by men chosen from among themselves, fighting for their common liberties, and united and conducted by governments possessing their affections and confidence."

"Besides the advantage of being armed, which the Americans possess over the people of almost every other nation, the existence of subordinate governments, to which the people are attached, and by which the militia officers are appointed, forms a barrier against the enterprises of ambition, more insurmountable than any which a simple government of any form can admit of. Notwithstanding the military establishments in the several kingdoms of Europe, which are carried as far as the public resources will bear, the governments are afraid to trust the people with arms." (56)



* Quotes from Thomas Jefferson, the author of The Declaration of Independence:



"What country can preserve its liberties if its rulers are not warned from time to time that their people preserve the spirit of resistance? Let them take arms." --Thomas Jefferson to William Stephens Smith, 1787.



"A strong body makes the mind strong. As to the species of exercises, I advise the gun. While this gives moderate exercise to the body, it gives boldness, enterprise and independence to the mind. Games played with the ball, and others of that nature, are too violent for the body and stamp no character on the mind. Let your gun therefore be your constant companion of your walks." --Thomas Jefferson to Peter Carr, 1785.



"The constitutions of most of our States assert that all power is inherent in the people; that they may exercise it by themselves in all cases to which they think themselves competent..., or they may act by representatives, freely and equally chosen; that it is their right and duty to be at all times armed; that they are entitled to freedom of person, freedom of religion, freedom of property, and freedom of the press." --Thomas Jefferson to John Cartwright, 1824.

(57)(58)(59)

[AdrianHealey]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Tavek

Dit gaat over een latere publicatie, Harvard School of Health, niet de minste.

edit: een foutje in de cp...scuzi.

Die zijn buiten hun autoriteitsgebied aan't gaan. (Betekent niet dat wat ze zeggen verkeerd is. Wel dat jij ze niet als autoriteit mag behandelen.)

[Tavek]

En over uw crime, dat is helemaal niet zo straigthforward zoals gij het stelt:

At the crudest level, as Justice Breyer wrote, violent crime in Washington has increased since the ban took effect in 1976. “Indeed,” he continued, “a comparison with 49 other major cities reveals that the district’s homicide rate is actually substantially higher relative to these other cities than it was before the handgun restriction went into place.”

Those statistics by themselves prove nothing, of course. Factors aside from the gun ban, like demographics, economics and the drug trade, were almost certainly in play. “As students of elementary logic know,” Justice Breyer wrote, “after it does not mean because of it.”

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/29/we...ewanted=1&_r=1

Kortom, de conclusies die u trekt uit de cijfers van lagere en hogere criminaliteitscijfers zijn niet helemaal juist. Er is geen hard oorzakelijk verband.

[AdrianHealey]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Tavek

En over uw crime, dat is helemaal niet zo straigthforward zoals gij het stelt:

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/29/we...ewanted=1&_r=1

Kortom, de conclusies die u trekt uit de cijfers van lagere en hogere criminaliteitscijfers zijn niet helemaal juist. Er is geen hard oorzakelijk verband.

IK vind de case tegen guncontrol toch beduidend beter. Dit is 1 enkele regio waar het dubieus is. Dat weegt toch niet echt op tegen de hoeveelheid bronnen die er al tegen guncontrol is aangevoerd, ze.

[Tavek]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door AdrianHealey

IK vind de case tegen guncontrol toch beduidend beter. Dit is 1 enkele regio waar het dubieus is. Dat weegt toch niet echt op tegen de hoeveelheid bronnen die er al tegen guncontrol is aangevoerd, ze.

Artiekel gelezen ?

Zoals gezegd: geen appelen met peren vergelijken. Je moet demografisch op elkaar lijkende regios verlijken om tot deftige conclusies te komen. In dat artiekel van NY times doen ze dat, Baltimore en Washington DC, het eerste heeft geen strenge gun laws en de tweede wel, en in beiden is de criminaliteit gestegen.

Wat Fallen Angel doet is compleet verschillende situaties met elkaar vergelijken. Maine met Boston (ik ben in beiden geweest en lol, ja, ik kan wel rieken waarom daar verschillende criminaliteitscijfers zijn...)

Strenge gun laws geven de uitvoerende macht de kans om op te treden tegen wapendracht en scheppen een kader waarin men preventief kan werken.

[AdrianHealey]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Tavek

Artiekel gelezen ?

Zoals gezegd: geen appelen met peren vergelijken. Je moet demografisch op elkaar lijkende regios verlijken om tot deftige conclusies te komen. In dat artiekel van NY times doen ze dat, Baltimore en Washington DC, het eerste heeft geen strenge gun laws en de tweede wel, en in beiden is de criminaliteit gestegen.

DUs ge erkent in ieder geval al wel dat GC niet per se werkt?

Strenge gun laws geven de wetgever de kans om op te treden tegen wapendracht en scheppen een kader waarin men preventief kan werken.

En een kader waarbinnen goedbedoelende burgers geen wapens hebben en criminelen dat wel hebben. België als ideale voorbeeld met een compleet geflipte guncontrol. Onze guncontrol is heel goed in mensen afschrikken, maar echte criminelen laten we nu eens echt met rust ('is geen prioriteit'). Ja, dié case ken ik zelf goed genoeg.

Als ge gaat gc'en, dan zorgde maar beter dat het goed gebeurt.

[Tavek]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door AdrianHealey

DUs ge erkent in ieder geval al wel dat GC niet per se werkt?

Het werkt wel, om accidental deaths tegen te gaan (zie vorige posts), en het heeft in ieder geval geen negatieve impact op de criminaliteit (het moeilijker maken voor criminelen aan wapens te komen heft de mindere hoeveelheid afschrikking dmv particulier wapenbezit blijkbaar op...)

En ja, als je echt wilt kan je steeds een wapen vinden op de zwarte markt, maar het is alweer een drempel, en die drempels zorgen ervoor dat statistisch gezien er wel wat verandert.

En een kader waarbinnen goedbedoelende burgers geen wapens hebben en criminelen dat wel hebben. België als ideale voorbeeld met een compleet geflipte guncontrol. Onze guncontrol is heel goed in mensen afschrikken, maar echte criminelen laten we nu eens echt met rust ('is geen prioriteit'). Ja, dié case ken ik zelf goed genoeg.

Als ge gaat gc'en, dan zorgde maar beter dat het goed gebeurt.

Toch zal uiteindelijk de maatschappij als geheel er beter mee af zijn. Accidentele doding, gezinsdramas, kortom, "misdaden" gepleegd door mensen die geen beroepsmisdadiger zijn worden vrijwel altijd gepleegd met legale wapens, als ze met vuurwapens worden gepleegd. En een vuurwapen, zoals je zelf hebt gezegd, verlaagt de drempel.

[Tavek]

Am J Public Health. 1994 Dec;84(12):1982-4.

The incidence of defensive firearm use by US crime victims, 1987 through 1990.

McDowall D, Wiersema B.

Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park 20742-8235.

It is well known that many crimes in the United States are committed with firearms. Less adequately documented is the frequency with which victims use guns in self-defense. We used National Crime Victimization Survey data to examine incidents where victims employed guns against offenders. Between 1987 and 1990 there were an estimated 258,460 incidents of firearm defense, an annual mean of 64,615. Victims used firearms in 0.18% of all crimes recorded by the survey and in 0.83% of violent offenses. Firearm self-defense is rare compared with gun crimes.

Dit zijn wat andere cijfers dan degene die ronddwarrelen op populaire internetsites....

[AdrianHealey]

Dat is een irrelevante statistiek, dat begrijp je zelf toch ook?

[Tavek]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door AdrianHealey

Dat is een irrelevante statistiek, dat begrijp je zelf toch ook?

Neen ik zie niet in wat er daar irrelevant aan is.

[AdrianHealey]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Tavek

Neen ik zie niet in wat er daar irrelevant aan is.

Een firearm moet niet effectief gebruikt worden om efficient gebruikt te worden. Daarom.

[Tavek]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door AdrianHealey

Een firearm moet niet effectief gebruikt worden om efficient gebruikt te worden. Daarom.

Ik stel ook nergens dat alle vuurwapens gebruikt worden om te doden. Verre van. Maar de hoeveelheid vuurwapens die gebruikt worden voor moorden vergroot wel naargelang je de hoeveelheid vuurwapens in zijn totaliteit vergroot....

Zie het als kansberekening. En zo mag men dat zien aangezien we over grote hoeveelheden mensen praten.

[AdrianHealey]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Tavek

Ik stel ook nergens dat alle vuurwapens gebruikt worden om te doden. Verre van. Maar de hoeveelheid vuurwapens die gebruikt worden voor moorden vergroot wel naargelang je de hoeveelheid vuurwapens in zijn totaliteit vergroot....

Ik zie niet in waarom dat geen bell curve zou zijn.

Daar ging mijn punt overigens niet over: het punt was dat het irrelevant is om de efficientie van vuurwapens als verdedigingswapen af te leiden uit de statistiek die zegt hoeveel keer vuurwapens effectief zijn gebruikt als verdedigingswapen.

[Tavek]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door AdrianHealey

Ik zie niet in waarom dat geen bell curve zou zijn.

Daar ging mijn punt overigens niet over: het punt was dat het irrelevant is om de efficientie van vuurwapens als verdedigingswapen af te leiden uit de statistiek die zegt hoeveel keer vuurwapens effectief zijn gebruikt als verdedigingswapen.

Als ze niet gebruikt worden, gaan ze ook niet efficient zijn om de crime rates lager te krijgen, tiens.

Afschrikking ? Ik vermoed dat gewoon al het trekken van een wapens wordt beschouwd als het gebruiken van het wapen als zelfverdediging hier, maar daar ben ik niet zeker van, aangezien ik hier niet aan de gehele pdf kan van het artiekel.

In ieder geval wordt de relevantie van een vuurwapen als verdedigingswapen fors overschat.

en wtf is een bell curve ? nominale, gauss, weibull distributie ?

[filosoof]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door HAMC

Uiteraard.

Niet alleen mag een mens zich verdedigen, hij mag zich verdedigen met de best daartoe geêigende middelen, vuurwapens.

En wat de staat daarvan vindt is mij eenders.

Antipersoneelsmijnen in mijn tuin werkt beter

[HAMC]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door filosoof

Antipersoneelsmijnen in mijn tuin werkt beter

Als one-liner in stand-up comedy zeker wel.

[AdrianHealey]

Oorspronkelijk geplaatst door Tavek

Als ze niet gebruikt worden, gaan ze ook niet efficient zijn om de crime rates lager te krijgen, tiens.

Afschrikking ? Ik vermoed dat gewoon al het trekken van een wapens wordt beschouwd als het gebruiken van het wapen als zelfverdediging hier, maar daar ben ik niet zeker van, aangezien ik hier niet aan de gehele pdf kan van het artiekel.

In ieder geval wordt de relevantie van een vuurwapen als verdedigingswapen fors overschat.

Het 'hebben' kan je echter niet meten, vrees ik. EN dat doet ook iets.

en wtf is een bell curve ? nominale, gauss, weibull distributie ?

Seriously?

http://images.google.be/images?q=bel...num=4&ct=title

Als'k me niet vergis, zijn dat Gausskes.

[AdrianHealey]

Grappig hoe mensen allemaal googleexperts worden.