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Maatschappij en samenleving Dit subforum handelt over zaken die leven binnen de maatschappij en in die zin politiek relevant (geworden) zijn. |
Bekijk resultaten enquête: Cannabis legaliseren in Vlaanderen? (Lees: opening coffeeshops) | |||
JA |
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75 | 49,02% |
JA, MAAR NIET IN MIJN DORP! |
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2 | 1,31% |
NEE |
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72 | 47,06% |
IK WEET NIET, NOOIT GEBRUIKT (DUS IK WEET NIET WAAROVER IK HET HEB) |
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4 | 2,61% |
Aantal stemmers: 153. Je mag niet stemmen in deze enquête |
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#41 | |
Gouverneur
Geregistreerd: 24 maart 2008
Berichten: 1.091
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#42 |
Eur. Commissievoorzitter
Geregistreerd: 19 augustus 2005
Locatie: Ekeren
Berichten: 8.149
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![]() smoking herbal mix (=munt, rozeblad, frambozeblad, goudietske en nog wat bladeren) zeer zacht en goed voor de keel. Vele beter dan tabak dat uwen high vertroebeld.
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"Het is de gelovige die, niet het geloof dat bescherming nodig heeft. Mensen hebben mensenrechten, religies, geloven en ideeën hebben die niet.'' |
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#43 | ||
Secretaris-Generaal VN
Geregistreerd: 28 november 2006
Locatie: Antwerpen Stadstaat
Berichten: 28.290
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#44 | |
Vreemdeling
Geregistreerd: 15 juli 2008
Berichten: 6
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In 't vervolg AUB iets betere argumenten, dank u... Pfff, van zo'n mensen word ge dus moe van se... |
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#45 | |
Vreemdeling
Geregistreerd: 15 juli 2008
Berichten: 6
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Dank u hiervoor! |
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#46 | |
Perm. Vertegenwoordiger VN
Geregistreerd: 17 december 2006
Berichten: 10.572
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![]() Ik ben tegen de legalisering van alle chemische drugs die de hersenen beschadigen, dus ook cannabis.
Meer en meer onderzoek toont aan dat frequent wietgebruik de kans op psychosen sterk verhoogt. Er zijn genoeg andere, niet-artificiële drugs die even goed werken en veel betere sociale effecten hebben. We hebben die hier al eerder besproken.
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#47 | |
Vreemdeling
Geregistreerd: 15 juli 2008
Berichten: 6
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Laatst gewijzigd door Kadee : 16 juli 2008 om 16:26. |
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#48 |
Lokaal Raadslid
Geregistreerd: 4 april 2008
Locatie: Brugge - Bruges
Berichten: 312
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![]() Legaliseer het meteen in België, wordt dubbele fun dan
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#49 | |
Europees Commissaris
Geregistreerd: 24 november 2007
Locatie: Nederland
Berichten: 7.513
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#50 | |
Banneling
Geregistreerd: 9 februari 2008
Berichten: 32.057
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Welke niet-artificiële drugs werken even goed en hebben betere sociale effecten? |
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#51 |
Gouverneur
Geregistreerd: 24 maart 2008
Berichten: 1.091
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![]() Daarbovenop heeft iedere menselijke handeling sociale effecten, maar dat wil daarvoor niet zeggen dat de handeling zelf misdadig is. Mijn vraag aan C2C is, welke sociale effecten veroorzaakt door drugs die niet door legale drugs veroorzaakt worden zijn volgens jou misdadig.
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#52 | |
Banneling
Geregistreerd: 9 februari 2008
Berichten: 32.057
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2 Welke autoriteit heb je om dit onderzoek als zijn "niet waar" te classeren? Weet je wie dit onderzoek doet, ieder jaar? Weet je waar ze de cijfers halen? Je hebt duidelijk nog niets gelezen van dit onderzoek. Alle onderzoeken tonen aan dat cannabis minder schadelijk en minder verslavend is dan alcohol. Ik vraag het recht op een alternatief voor alcohol. 3 Laat ons dan eerst eens behoorlijk en eerlijk uitleggen aan de bevolking wat cannabis is. De mensen weten alleen dat er drugs zijn, maar hebben geen benul van het verschil tussen soft- en hard-drugs. |
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#53 | ||
Secretaris-Generaal VN
Geregistreerd: 3 juni 2003
Berichten: 24.102
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Maar ze zitten een beetje verstoken, want ze gaan niet zomaar de volgende dag gaan werken, zoals de meeste volwassen cannabisgebruikers.
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#54 |
Secretaris-Generaal VN
Geregistreerd: 4 juli 2004
Berichten: 82.096
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![]() Na het lezen van al deze argumenten, blijf ik met negatieve gevoelens zitten voor drugsgebruikers. Ik vertrouw drugsgebruikers niet ...
dus in afwachting zal ik mijn stem uitbrengen op partijen (of mensen in partijen) die drugs blijven strafbaar stellen, en vooral die zeer repressief optreden naar drugsdealers (en ongenadig repressief naar dealers naar minderjarigen toe). Naast de repressie, moet de preventie natuurlijk wel blijven bestaan. mersie voor de aandacht
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Vlaanderen is niet van iedereen. Vlaanderen is enkel van hen die een inspanning doen om ertoe te behoren. De grendel-grondwet moet wijken om eindelijk de broodnodige veranderingen te kunnen doorvoeren. Nadien kan de grondwet herstemd worden. Dat is nog gebeurd. Ik heb de partij gesticht op drie lijnen: Vlaams en Europees, vrij en verantwoordelijk, en sterk en sociaal. Vandaag is dat de grondstroom in Vlaanderen. Geert Bourgeois (N-VA) |
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#55 |
Banneling
Geregistreerd: 11 juni 2008
Berichten: 1.431
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#56 | |||
Perm. Vertegenwoordiger VN
Geregistreerd: 17 december 2006
Berichten: 10.572
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Cannabis-gebruik beschadigt serieus de hersenen: Contact: Murat Yücel, Ph.D., M.A.P.S. [email protected] JAMA and Archives Journals Long-term cannabis users may have structural brain abnormalities Long-term, heavy cannabis use may be associated with structural abnormalities in areas of the brain known as the hippocampus and amygdala, according to a report in the June issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. Conflicting evidence exists regarding the long-term effects of cannabis use, according to background information in the article. "Although growing literature suggests that long-term cannabis use is associated with a wide range of adverse health consequences, many people in the community, as well as cannabis users themselves, believe that cannabis is relatively harmless and should be legally available," the authors write. "With nearly 15 million Americans using cannabis in a given month, 3.4 million using cannabis daily for 12 months or more and 2.1 million commencing use every year, there is a clear need to conduct robust investigations that elucidate the long-term sequelae of long-term cannabis use." Murat Yücel, Ph.D., M.A.P.S., of ORYGEN Research Centre and the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre at the University of Melbourne, Australia, and colleagues from the University of Wollongong performed high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging on 15 men (average age 39.8 years) who smoked more than five joints daily for more than 10 years. Their results were then compared with images from 16 individuals (average age 36.4) who were not cannabis users. All participants also took a verbal memory test and were assessed for subthreshold (below the standard of disease diagnosis) symptoms of psychotic disorders, which include schizophrenia and mania. The hippocampus, thought to regulate emotion and memory, and the amygdala, involved with fear and aggression, tended to be smaller in cannabis users than in controls (volume was reduced by an average of 12 percent in the hippocampus and 7.1 percent in the amygdala). Cannabis use also was associated with sub-threshold symptoms of psychotic disorders. "Although cannabis users performed significantly worse than controls on verbal learning, this did not correlate with regional brain volumes in either group," the authors write. "There is ongoing controversy concerning the long-term effects of cannabis on the brain," the authors write. "These findings challenge the widespread perception of cannabis as having limited or no neuroanatomical sequelae. Although modest use may not lead to significant neurotoxic effects, these results suggest that heavy daily use might indeed be toxic to human brain tissue. Further prospective, longitudinal research is required to determine the degree and mechanisms of long-term cannabis-related harm and the time course of neuronal recovery after abstinence." ### (Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65[6]:694-701. Available pre-embargo to the media at www.jamamedia.org.) Editor's Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc. http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releas...-lcu052908.php Contact: Stanley Zammit [email protected] 44-774-868-8029 Lancet Cannabis could increase risk of psychotic illness later in life by over 40 percent There is now enough evidence to warn young people that using cannabis could increase their risk of developing a psychotic illness later in life by more than 40%, conclude authors of an Article published in this week's edition of The Lancet. The issues are also explored in an accompanying Comment and Editorial, with the Editorial concluding: "Governments would do well to invest in sustained and effective education campaigns on the risks to health of taking cannabis." Cannabis, or marijuana, is the most commonly used illegal substance in most countries, including the UK and USA. Up to 20% of young people now report use at least once per week or heavy use (use on more than 100 occasions). Dr Theresa Moore, University of Bristol, and Dr Stanley Zammit, Cardiff University, Wales, and colleagues did a meta-analysis of 35 studies, dated up to 2006, to assess whether there was evidence to connect cannabis use to occurrence of psychotic or mental health disorders. They found that individuals had used cannabis ever were 41% more likely than those who had never used the drug to have any psychosis. The risk increased relative to dose, with the most frequent cannabis users more than twice as likely to have a psychotic outcome. Depression, suicidal thoughts, and anxiety outcomes were examined separately, and findings for these outcomes were less consistent, with fewer attempts made to address non-causal explanations than for psychosis. The authors say that recent estimates of the proportion of young adults and adolescents who have ever used cannabis is 40%. If having ever used cannabis increases the risk of a psychotic outcome by 41%, about 14% of psychotic outcomes in young adults in the UK would not occur in cannabis were not consumed. The authors say: "We have described a consistent association between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms, including disabling psychotic disorders." They conclude: "Despite the inevitable uncertainty, policymakers need to provide the public with advice about this widely used drug. We believe that there is now enough evidence to inform people that using cannabis could increase their risk of developing a psychotic illness later in life." In the accompanying Comment, Drs Merete Nordentoft and Carsten Hjorthaj, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark say: "In the public debate, cannabis has been considered a more or less harmless drug compared with alcohol, central stimulants, and opioids. However, the potential long-term hazardous effects of cannabis with regard to psychosis seem to have been overlooked, and there is a need to warn the public of these dangers, as well as to establish a treatment to help young frequent cannabis users." http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releas...-cci072507.php Contact: Michele Baum [email protected] 412-647-3555 University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences Schizophrenia linked to dysfunction in molecular brain pathway activated by marijuana University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine study cites critical neurotransmitter GABA PITTSBURGH, July 7 – Alterations in a molecular brain pathway activated by marijuana may contribute to the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, according to a report in the July issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. Expression of the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R), the site of action of the main chemical ingredient of marijuana, is significantly reduced in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia. Activation of CB1R impairs signaling by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an important neurotransmitter essential for core cognitive processes such as working memory. The use of marijuana in individuals with schizophrenia appears to worsen this deficit in GABA synthesis. Since reduced GABA is known to be present in schizophrenia, these findings suggest possible new drug targets that could help to improve function in people with the mental illness, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine researchers report. "Heavy marijuana use, particularly in adolescence, appears to be associated with an increased risk for the later development of schizophrenia, and the course of illness is worse for people with schizophrenia who use marijuana," said David A. Lewis, M.D., corresponding author of the study and UPMC Endowed Professor in Translational Neuroscience, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. "We wanted to understand the biological mechanisms that could explain these observations, and with this study, I believe that we can narrow down at least part of the 'why' to CB1R, the receptor for both tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, and the brains own cannabinoid chemical messengers." Dr. Lewis and his colleagues examined specimens of brain tissue collected after death from 23 people with schizophrenia and 23 normal comparison subjects matched for a number of factors, including age and sex. The researchers evaluated levels of CB1R messenger RNA and protein, and also measured levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-67), an enzyme that makes GABA, and cholecystokinin (CCK), a neuropeptide released from GABA neurons that, among other actions, regulates the production of the brain's own cannabinoids. "CB1R levels were significantly 15 percent lower in the subjects with schizophrenia," Dr. Lewis said. "We measured these biochemical messengers using three techniques, and each time got the same answer – less CB1R in people with schizophrenia." This reduction, he noted, appears to be the brain's way of compensating for lower levels of GABA, and the use of marijuana defeats this compensation. "These findings may provide insight into the biological basis of why cannabis use worsens schizophrenia, and, as a result, identify a novel target for new drug development that could improve treatments available for schizophrenia," said Dr. Lewis. ### Other authors include Stephen M. Eggan, Ph.D., and Takanori Hashimoto, M.D., Ph.D., both of the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health. Additional funding support for Dr. Eggan came from the University of Pittsburgh's Andrew Mellon Predoctoral and Scottish Rite fellowships. http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releas...-slt070708.php Citaat:
Hoe komt ge er dus in godsnaam bij dat cannabis géén chemische drug zou zijn?
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Citaat:
Laatst gewijzigd door C2C : 16 juli 2008 om 19:29. |
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#57 | ||
Perm. Vertegenwoordiger VN
Geregistreerd: 17 december 2006
Berichten: 10.572
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Seks. Trance-inducerende muziek. Bepaalde vormen van kinaesthetische architectuur. Om er maar enkele te noemen.
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#58 | |
Banneling
Geregistreerd: 9 februari 2008
Berichten: 32.057
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Waarom vertrouw je gebruikers niet? Omdat je ze niet kent? Wat verwacht je van de repressie? |
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#59 | ||
Perm. Vertegenwoordiger VN
Geregistreerd: 17 december 2006
Berichten: 10.572
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Ik heb wel gezegd dat er drugs zijn die zonder chemicaliën werken, en die veel grotere sociale successen ressorteren. Ik ben ook tegen de afschaffing van sterke alcohol en van tabak, hoewel ik zelf een paffer ben die met elke Turk kan concurreren.
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#60 | ||
Secretaris-Generaal VN
Geregistreerd: 4 juli 2004
Berichten: 82.096
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Citaat:
Dat kriminelen in den bak zouden geraken.
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Vlaanderen is niet van iedereen. Vlaanderen is enkel van hen die een inspanning doen om ertoe te behoren. De grendel-grondwet moet wijken om eindelijk de broodnodige veranderingen te kunnen doorvoeren. Nadien kan de grondwet herstemd worden. Dat is nog gebeurd. Ik heb de partij gesticht op drie lijnen: Vlaams en Europees, vrij en verantwoordelijk, en sterk en sociaal. Vandaag is dat de grondstroom in Vlaanderen. Geert Bourgeois (N-VA) |
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